Umzila ophelele womquba wezinkukhu awuyona i-conveyor eyodwa. Uchungechunge lwezindawo zokuxhumana ezihambisanayo oluqala ngaphansi kwamakheji luphele kuphela lapho into ifinyelela kumamukeli ogunyaziwe noma inqubo yokusetshenziswa kokugcina. Umzila kufanele uhlelwe ngokwezimo zento, isheduli yokusebenza, amazinga endawo, ukugcinwa, ukwelashwa, ukulayisha, ukuhamba kwezimoto nezidingo zendawo ngaphambi kokuba imishini nemidwebo yezokwakha iqandiswe.
Uma isigaba esisodwa saklanywa sodwa, ukuminyana okungezansi kungamisa wonke umzila. Inhloso esebenzayo ngakho-ke akukhona ukukhetha ibhande elide noma umshini omkhulu. Ukwenza ukuthi yonke indawo yokudlulisela ibonakale, ilinganiseke, futhi ibe nokwabelwa.
Why the Route Must Be Planned as One System
I-USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service ichaza ukuphathwa kwemfucuza yezolimo ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi ehlobene ehlanganisa ukukhiqiza, ukuqoqa, ukudlulisa, ukugcina, ukwelapha nokusetshenziswa. Lolu hlelo luwusizo ngoba lushintsha umbuzo womthengi usuka kokuthi “Yimuphi umshini engiwudingayo?” uye kokuthi “Yini okumelwe yenzeke kokuqukethwe esigabeni ngasinye?” Bheka uhlaka lokuhlela lwe-USDA NRCS. Kupulazi lezinkukhu ezithengiswayo, indlela yomquba nayo ihlangana nemigqa yamakheji, izimbobo zesakhiwo, ukungenisa umoya, izilawuli zikagesi, imigwaqo yangaphakathi, amanzi okukhipha imfucuza, ukufinyelela kwesevisi kanye nomamukeli wokugcina. Ngakho-ke kufanele kuhlangene nokuthi umhlahlandlela wokuhlela ipulazi lezinkukhu ezithengiswayo, akungezwe ngemva kokuqedwa kokuhlelwa kwendlu yezinkukhu. Qala Ngomamukeli Wokugcina Bese Usebenza Ubuyela Emuva
Ngaphambi kokukhetha imishini yokudlulisa noma yokwelapha, chaza ukuthi into ilindeleke ukuba iye kuphi nokuthi lokho okuyiya kukho kungamukela ini. Umamukeli kungaba isitoreji sasepulazini, inqubo yokwelapha elawulwayo, umugqa ogunyaziwe wokucubungula umanyolo, uzakwethu wokuthatha, noma uhlelo lokusebenzisa umhlabathi olwamukelekile ngaphansi kwezidingo zendawo.
Imibuzo ebalulekile ingokwenzayo:
- Isimo somzimba esinjani lapho umamukeli angakwazi ukwamukela izinto?
- Ngaziphi izikhathi nangayiphi indlela yamaqoqo angakwazi ukwamukela izinto?
- Yikuphi ukugcina noma ukulinda okudingekayo uma umamukeli engatholakali?
- Yiziphi izibopho zokuthatha amasampula, amarekhodi, ukumboza, ukuthutha noma ukuphathwa kwezakhamzimba ezisebenza endaweni?
- Ubani umnikazi wezinto kanye nomthwalo wokuthobela imithetho ngemva kokudluliselwa ngakunye?
Lezi zimpendulo zilolonga izinqumo ezingenhla. Umamukeli wokugcina odinga amaloli ahleliwe udala uhlelo oluhlukile lokulinda nokulayisha kune-treatment line endaweni eqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo. Akukho ndawo yokugcina okufanele ichazwe njengokusemthethweni ngokuzenzakalelayo, enenzuzo noma evunyelwe imvelo; leyo miphumela incike emithethweni yendawo, izinkontileka nezimo zokusebenza eziqinisekisiwe.
Dweba Umzila Ophelele ngezigaba eziyisikhombisa
1. Ukuqoqwa Ngaphansi Kwemigqa Yamakheji
Amabhande angaphansi kwezihlanu aqoqa umquba esigabeni ngasinye futhi awuthwale uye ekukhishweni komugqa. Ukuhlelwa kwawo kulandela ukuhlelwa kwezihlanu, kodwa isheduli yokusebenza kwawo kufanele futhi ihambisane nalokho okwenzeka ngemva kokuphela komugqa.
Qinisekisa inani nobude bamabhande, ukulandelana kokukhishwa okuhleliwe, ukufinyelela kokushayela nokuqinisa, inqubo yokuhlanza, izindawo zokuvuza noma zokuchitheka, kanye nesimo sezinto lapho zikhishwa. Uma imigqa eminingana noma izindlu zikhishwa ndawonye, isheduli kufanele ibonise ukuthi leyo mifudlana iyenzeka kanyekanye noma iyahlukaniswa ngesikhathi.
2. Ukudlulisela Ekupheleni Komugqa Ngamunye
Ibhande lomugqa ngokuvamile linikeza impahla ku-conveyor ephambanayo, i-conveyor ethambekele, noma enye ingxenye yokwamukela. Lokhu kushintsha kuyindawo evamile yokungahambisani ngoba imishini yangaphezulu nengaphansi ingase ichazwe ngokucabanga okuhlukile kwekhono.
Bhala ukuphakama kokukhishwa, ububanzi bokwamukela, i-engeli ye-conveyor, indawo yokusekela, indlela yokuqukatha, ukufinyelela kokuhlanza kanye nokulandelana kokulawula. Imidwebo kufanele ibonise lapho umkhawulo womthengisi owodwa uphela khona nokuthi ingxenye elandelayo iqala kuphi.
3. Ukuphuma Endlini Yezinkukhu
Uma umzila udlula odongeni, phansi noma ekugcineni kwesevisi yesakhiwo, kuba umbuzo wezakhiwo nokuhlelwa kwendawo kanye nombuzo wemishini. Ukuvuleka, ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu, insimbi yokusekela, amanzi okukhipha, ukukhishwa kwesevisi kanye nokufinyelela okuphuthumayo kufanele kuhlelwe ngaphambi kokwakha.
Ungakwenzi ukuvuleka kodonga ngokusuka kusayizi yekhathalogi ecatshangelwayo. Qinisekisa ngokumelene nokuhlelwa kwemishini okugunyaziwe, ukubekezelela kokufakwa, kanye nomzila wokulungisa. Uma indawo yokuphuma iphakeme, idizayini kufanele futhi ibonise ukuthi izinto zifinyelela kanjani esigabeni esilandelayo ngaphandle kokudala indawo yokudlulisela engasebenzi.
4. Ukuthuthwa Kwezindlu Eziningi Nokuqoqwa Okumaphakathi
Ipulazi elinezindlu eziningi lingathumela izinto ezivela ezindlini eziningi zezinkukhu ziye endaweni eyodwa yokwamukela emaphakathi. Umthumeli omkhulu kufanele ngakho-ke wamukele ukulandelana kokuthunyelwa okuhleliwe kuzo zonke izindlu ezixhunyiwe, hhayi nje ukugeleza okuvela emgqeni owodwa.
Ukuhlelwa kufanele kukhombise amabanga, izinguquko ekuphakameni, ukujika, izembozo, izisekelo, izindawo zokuhlola, ukuchayeka esimweni sezulu kanye nokulawula okuxhumene phakathi kwemishini yendlu nomugqa omaphakathi. Kufanele futhi kubonise ukuthi kwenzekani uma ingxenye eyodwa ima ngenkathi ibhande elingaphezulu lisasebenza.
5. Isitoreji Sesikhashana noma Ukwelashwa
Ukugcinwa kwesikhashana akusona isinqwaba esingacacile phakathi kwemishini emibili. Kunezinhloso: ukuhlukanisa isikhathi sokususwa endlini nesikhathi sokwelashwa, sokulayisha noma sokusetshenziswa kokugcina. Isisekelo saso kufanele sisho uhlelo lokungenisa, isimo esilindelekile sezinto, uhlelo lokukhishwa, ukufinyelela kanye nesikhathi sokulungiselela esisetshenziselwa ukuklama.
Uma iphrojekthi ifaka ukumiswa, ukwenza umquba noma esinye isigaba sokwelashwa, qhathanisa kuqala ukuthi inqubo ngayinye yenzani ngempela ku-ibhande likamquba, ukuqhathanisa ukumisa nokwenza umquba. Uhlelo oluthile lwe-isistimu yokumisa umquba wezinkukhu ludinga nezindawo zalo zokulayisha, ukugeleza komoya, izinsiza, ukukhishwa, ukulawula uthuli nokunakekela. Umphumela wokugcina, isikhathi sokuhlala kanye nesimo sokukhipha kufanele kusekelwe kokufakiwe okuqinisekisiwe kwephrojekthi, hhayi kuphela emandleni ezinyoni. 6. Ukulayisha Nokuthutha
Indawo yokulayisha kufanele ihambisane nemoto noma isitsha esikhethiwe, indawo yokuphenduka, isimo somhlaba, ukukhipha amanzi kanye neshejuli yokusebenza. Akufanele ivimbe ukufinyelela okuphuthumayo noma iphoqe izimoto zomquba ukuthi zihambe emzileni ohlanzekile wesevisi uma kunomunye umzila ohlukile okusebenziseka kalula.
7. Ukusetshenziswa Kokugcina Nokunikezela
Umzila uphela kuphela lapho okokusebenza sesingene enqubweni yaso eqinisekisiwe yokusetshenziswa noma yokulahla, futhi umthwalo walokho kudluliswa ucacile. Ifayili yephrojekthi kufanele ibize umamukeli, isisekelo sokwamukela, imibhalo, iqembu elilayishayo, iqembu elithuthayo kanye nesu eliyisipesheli uma indawo evamile ingatholakali okwesikhashana.
Umhlinzeki wemishini angaxhumanisa izindawo zokusebenzisana ngaphakathi kwezinga elivunyelanisiwe. Umnikazi wepulazi kanye nochwepheshe bendawo abaqeqeshiwe kusamele baqinisekise izimvume zemvelo, ukuphathwa kwezakhi, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukuhlukaniswa komkhiqizo kanye nezinye izibopho zendawo.
Vumelanisa Umthamo Nokugeleza Okuphezulu Okuhleliwe
Ivolumu yansuku zonke emaphakathi ayanele ukuxhumanisa umzila. Ulayini ungathola okokusebenza ngesikhathi esifushane sokusebenza ngoba imigqa eminingi yamakheji noma izindlu zihlanziwe ngokulandelana. I-conveyor yangaphansi, i-buffer noma ingxenye yokwelapha kufanele ihlolwe ngokumelene nalokho kugeleza okuhleliwe kanye namahora ayo okusebenza.
Sebenzisa itafula elilodwa elisekelwe emandleni nesikhathi kuyo yonke i-interface:
Interface | Umbuzo Okumele Uqinisekiswe | Ubufakazi Obudingekayo |
Ibhande lekheji eliya ku-row-end conveyor | Mangaki amabhande angakhipha ngesikhathi esisodwa? | Ukuhlelwa kwekheji nokulandelana kokusebenza |
I-row-end conveyor iya emnyango wendlu | Iyini indlela yokungenisa ephezulu? | Umqondo wokulawula neshejuli yokususa |
Umnyango wendlu uya kulayini omaphakathi | Yiziphi izindlu ezingagqagqana? | Ishejuli yepulazi lonke nomzila we-conveyor |
Ulayini omaphakathi uya endaweni yokugcina noma yokwelapha | Ingabe umamukeli angakwamukela ukukhula, noma kuyadingeka i-buffer? | Isisekelo sokusebenza somamukeli nokubalwa kwe-buffer |
Indawo yokugcina noma yokwelapha iya ekulayisheni | Kungashesha kangakanani ukuthi izinto zishiywe endaweni noma zingene ekusetshenzisweni kokugcina? | Uhlelo lwezimoto, inkontileka, nemikhawulo yokusebenza yendawo |
Izinombolo ezikuleli thebula kumele zivela kuphrojekthi yangempela. Ungahlanganisi ubukhoma obumanzi, ubukhoma obomile, umthamo kanye namandla omshini ngaphandle kwesizathu esishiwo. Futhi chaza ukulandelana kokuma, ukusabela kwe-alamu kanye nendlela ephephile yokubuyisela. Lezi zilawuli kumele zihlanganiswe ne-umhlahlandlela wemishini ephelele yepulazi lezinkukhu. Hlanganisa Ukuphakama, Ukukhipha Amanzi Nokufinyelela Kokulungisa
Umzila ungabukeka uphelele epulani eliyisicaba kodwa wehluleke esigabeni. Ukuphakama kunquma ama-engeli e-conveyor, ukuphakama kokudlulisa, insimbi yokweseka, ukukhishwa kwezimoto, ukugeleza kwamandla adonsela phansi, ukukhipha amanzi nokufinyelela kokulungisa.
Ngaphambi kokugunyazwa kokugcina, buyekeza okungenani imidwebo emithathu ndawonye:
- ipulani lendlu yezinkukhu ebonisa imigqa, imizila yokusebenza nezindawo zokukhipha;
- ipulani yesiza ebonisa zonke izindlu, imigwaqo, ukugcina, ukwelashwa nezindawo zokulayisha; kanye
- nomdwebo omude noma wesigaba obonisa ukuphakama endaweni ngayinye yokudlulisa.
Gcina ukufinyelela okuphephile kokwelula ibhande, ukususa idrayivu, ukuhlanza, ukuhlola kanye nokushintsha izingxenye ezigqokayo. Khombisa ukuthi abasebenzi bafinyelela kanjani endaweni ephakeme yedrayivu noma yokudlulisa, nokuthi ukulungiswa kungenziwa kanjani ngaphandle kokuchaya indawo yezinkukhu ekuhambeni okungcolile okungadingekile. Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokugcina kufanele zilandele imiyalelo yemishini, izidingo zendawo zokusebenza kanye nomklamo wephrojekthi ogunyaziwe.
Hlukanisa Ukuhamba Okuhlanzekile Nokungcolile Lapho Kungenzeka
Izindawo zomquba, izimoto namathuluzi kungathwala izinto eziphilayo zibuyise ezindlini zezinkukhu. I-umhlahlandlela womkhiqizi we-Canadian Food Inspection Agency incomusa ukulawula ukugcinwa kwendle futhi ikubeke endaweni yokuthi abantu, imishini, izimoto noma isimo sezulu kungenzeki ukuthi kudlulise ukungcola kubuyele ezitebeleni. Ngokuhlela indawo, buyekeza:
- ukuthi izimoto zendle zingasebenzisa yini umzila ochaziwe nendawo yokulayisha;
- ukuthi ukudla okuhlanzekile, amaqanda, abasebenzi kanye nemizila yezivakashi kuyawela yini umzila wendle;
- lapho amasondo, amathuluzi noma imishini yokusebenza ihlanzwa khona ngaphansi kwenqubo yepulazi;
- ukuthi amanzi angaphezulu angasuka yini endaweni yendle aye ezitebeleni;
- ukuthi indawo yokugcina noma yokwelapha ichayeke yini emvuleni, ezinambuzaneni noma ekufinyeleleni okungagunyaziwe; kanye
- ukuthi imimoya ehamba phambili, izindawo zokungenisa umoya kanye nezindawo zokukhipha umoya zikuthinta kanjani ukukhethwa kwendawo.
Beka Umthwalo Emuva Kuyo Yonke Indawo Yokuhlangana
Umdwebo womzila kufanele uphelezelwe yimetriksi yemithwalo yemfanelo. I-metriksi ayithathi indawo yenkontileka; iveza izikhala ngaphambi kokuba inkontileka isayinwe.
Ukuxhumana | Imibuzo Ejwayelekile | Umthwalo Wokuqinisekisa Ngokubhala |
Ukudluliswa kusuka ohlelweni lwekheji kuye ekugcineni komugqa | Ubani ohlinzeka ngeshuthi, inzwa nensimbi yokuxhuma? | Umhlinzeki wekheji/emishini neqembu elifakayo |
I-conveyor edlula esakhiweni | Ubani oqinisekisa ukuvulwa, ukuvikelwa kwamanzi kanye nemithwalo yokusekela? | Umhlinzeki wemishini, umklami womphakathi kanye nosonkontileka |
Ukudluliswa okuphakathi ukuya ekugcinweni/ekwelashweni | Ubani ochaza umthamo, ukuphakama kanye nokuxhumana kokulawula? | Umhlinzeki wemishini, umdidiyeli wokulawula kanye nomnikazi |
Izinsiza kanye nokukhipha amanzi | Ubani ohlinzeka ngogesi, izintambo, amanzi, amapayipi okukhipha amanzi kanye namalungiselelo okusekela? | Umnikazi, osonkontileka bakagesi/bezokwakha kanye nomhlinzeki njengoba kuvunyelwene |
Ukulayisha nokuthutha | Ubani ohlinzeka ngemoto/istisha futhi ophethe ukuchitheka noma ukuhlanza? | Umnikazi, umhlinzeki wezokuthutha nophekethi wasendaweni |
Ukusetshenziswa kokugcina nokuthobela imithetho | Ubani oqinisekisa izimvume, amarekhodi, uhlelo lwezakhi zomquba nokwamukelwa komamukeli? | Umnikazi, umamukeli nochwepheshe basekhaya abaqeqeshiwe |
Gwema izenzo ezingacacile njengokuthi “uhlelo oluphelele lufakiwe” ngaphandle uma isilinganiso sibala indawo yokuqala, indawo yokugcina, okungafakiwe, izinsiza, umsebenzi wokwakha, ukufakwa, ukuhlolwa nokunikezelwa.
Okufanele Uthumele Ngaphambi Kokucela Isiphakamiso Somzila
Lungisa lolu lwazi olulandelayo ngaphambi kokucela umhlinzeki ukuthi aqedele ukuhlelwa kwendawo:
- izwe lephrojekthi nendawo yendawo;
- umthamo wezinyoni, isibalo sezindlu, imigqa namashalofu amakheji;
- amapulani ezindlu, izingxenye namazinga aphansi aqinisekisiwe;
- izindawo zokukhipha kanye nezimbobo ezitholakalayo ezindongeni noma phansi;
- inani lomquba elilinganisiwe noma elilinganiselwe ngokunesibopho kanye nesimo, ngesisekelo;
- imvamisa yokususa, ukulandelana nesikhathi sokusebenza sansuku zonke;
- amabanga, ukujika nokuphakama phakathi kwezindlu nendawo emaphakathi;
- uhlelo lokugcina, ukwelapha, ukulayisha nokusetshenziswa kokugcina;
- isimo sezulu sesizini kanye nomqondo wokungenisa umoya ogunyaziwe;
- ugesi okhona, izilawuli, amanzi okukhipha imfucuza kanye nezinsiza eziyisipele;
- uhlobo lwemoto, umgwaqo wokufinyelela, ukuphenduka nezimo zokulayisha;
- izimfuneko zendawo ze-biosecurity, zemvelo kanye nezemvume; futhi
- ububanzi obudingekayo bokuhlinzekwa, ukufakwa, ukuhlolwa, ukuqeqeshwa nokuqaliswa kokusebenza.
Leli phakethe lokufaka livumela umthengisi ukuthi abone ukucatshangwa kanye nezikhala zokuxhumana ngaphambi kokukhipha isheduli yemishini yokugcina. Akushintshi ukuhlolwa kwephrojekthi, ukubuyekezwa kobunjiniyela bendawo, noma inkontileka ebhaliwe.
Umgomo Wokuhlela: Vumela Umzila Ulandele Izimo Zangempela
I-Tao Te Ching iphinda iphinde imeme abafundi ukuthi baqonde izimo ezishintshayo kunokuba baphoqe zonke izimo zibe yisimo esisodwa esiqinile. Uma isetshenziswa ngokucophelela kwezobunjiniyela, isifundo silula: vumela umzila uphendule emandleni adonsela phansi, ibanga, isikhathi, isimo sezulu, ukufinyelela kanye nomamukeli wokugcina.
Lokhu akusona isikhundla sokubala. Kuwukuziphatha kokuhlangana okuthembekile. Umthengi unikeza izimo zangempela; umhlinzeki usho imicabango nemingcele; iqembu ngalinye lihlonipha imisebenzi yelinye. Lokho kucaca kuyisisekelo esisebenzayo sokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okuthembekile.
Imibuzo Ejwayelekile
Uyini umzila ophelele wokuphatha umquba wezinkukhu?
Uwumzila oxhumene osuka ekuthathweni ngaphansi kwekheji kuye ekudluliselweni ekugcineni komugqa, ukuphuma endlini, ukudluliswa phakathi kwezindlu, ukugcinwa kwesikhashana noma ukwelashwa, ukulayisha, ukuthutha kanye nokusetshenziswa kokugcina okuqinisekisiwe. Izingxenye eziqondile ziyahlukahluka ngokuya ngephrojekthi.
Kungani amandla ebhande lomquba endlini enganele ukuklama?
Ngenxa yokuthi umugqa ongena ngezansi ungathola ukuthunyelwa okuningi kwebhande noma izindlu ngesikhathi esifushane sokusebenza. Umzila kufanele uhlolwe ngokuqhathaniswa nokulandelana kwesikhathi esihleliwe, amahora okusebenza komamukeli kanye nesu lesikhala sokugcina.
Ingabe wonke umsebenzi udinga ukugcinwa kwesikhashana komquba?
Akudingekile. I-buffer iyadingeka lapho ukuqoqwa nokwamukelwa okungezansi kungakwazi ukuhlala kuvumelana, noma lapho iphrojekthi idinga amandla okulungiselela izimo ezingalindelekile. Uhlobo nosayizi wayo kuncike ezintweni eziqinisekisiwe, izidingo zokusebenza nezendawo.
Kufanele ibekwe kuphi indawo yokugcina noma yokulayisha umquba?
Isikhundla kufanele sibuyekezwe ngokuqhathaniswa nezindawo zezindlu, ukukhipha amanzi, ukuchayeka esimweni sezulu, ukuhamba kwezimoto, imizila yokuvikela izifo, izinsiza, omakhelwane, ukufinyelela kokulungisa kanye nemithetho yendawo. Abukho ibanga noma uhlelo olufanayo olufanele wonke amapulazi.
Yini okufanele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokuba isivumelwano semishini sisayinwe?
Lungisa isisekelo sokuklama, umdwebo womzila, ukuphakama, ukulandelana kokusebenza, amandla okuxhumanisa, izilawuli, izinsiza, ukuvuleka komphakathi, umngcele wokugcina/ukwelashwa, uhlelo lokulayisha, okungafakiwe kanye neqembu elibhekele ukuxhuma ngakunye.
Hlela Umzila Ngaphambi Kokuqinisa Uhlelo Lwemishini
Uhlelo oluthembekile lokuphatha umquba luxhumanisa indlu yezinkukhu nendawo yokugcina eqinisekisiwe. Uma konke ukudluliswa, indawo yokugcina, ukuhamba kwezimoto kanye nemisebenzi kubonakala, izilinganiso ziba lula ukuziqhathanisa futhi izingozi zephrojekthi zibe lula ukuxoxisana ngazo.
I-Henan Daofeng Livestock Equipment Co., Ltd. ingabuyekeza izidingo zomzila nezokuxhumana eziphathelene nemishini ngaphakathi kwezinga lephrojekthi elivunyelanisiwe. Thumela imidwebo yendlu, uhlelo lwesiza, isheduli yokusebenza kanye nezimo zokusetshenziswa kokugcina ku-cele ukubuyekezwa komzila womquba oqondene nephrojekthi.