Kwadalwa ngo 10.05

Yini Abathengi Okufanele Bayiqinisekise Ngaphambi Kokuqala Kokukhiqizwa Kwemishini Yasepulazini Yezinkukhu Ezizalayo?

Ngaphambi kokuba ukukhiqizwa kwemishini yasepulazini yezinga lezentengiselwano kuqale, inhlangano noma izinhlangano ezikhethwe yisivumelwano esilawulayo kanye nezinqubo zokugunyazwa ezisebenzayo kufanele zigunyaze irekhodi elilodwa lokukhishwa okulawulwayo. Lapho kudingeka ukuqinisekiswa kwazo zombili izinhlangothi, zombili izinhlangothi ezigunyaziwe kufanele zisayine. Irekhodi kufanele likhombe imibhalo yokulawula yokuhleleka, ukucushwa okugunyaziwe okuqondile kanye nezinguqulo zokudweba, izithiyo zokukhishwa, izicabango ezinemibandela, abagunyazi abaqanjwe ngamagama kanye nosuku lokukhishwa olusebenzayo. Akufanele lizame ukuthatha indawo yokuqhathanisa izilinganiso, ubunjiniyela obuningiliziwe, ukuhlolwa kwasefekthri, ukugunyazwa kokuthunyelwa noma ukusebenza kwesizeni.

Kungani ukugunyazwa kokukhiqiza kudinga irekhodi lako siqu

Ikhwothi lichaza umkhakha ohlongozwayo wezohwebo nowezobuchwepheshe. Kuye ngesivumelwano esilawulayo, inqubo yokwamukela, igunya lomsayini kanye nomthetho osebenzayo, i-oda lokuthenga lingaba yingxenye yegunya lokuqhubeka. Umdwebo ukhombisa ukuhlelwa kobuchwepheshe. Kodwa ukukhiqiza akufanele kuncike ekutheni othile ahlanganise izinguqulo ezimbalwa zalawo madokhumenti esemqondweni.

Irekhodi lokugunyazwa kokukhiqiza lixazulula inkinga encane: iyiphi ibaseline eqondile umhlinzeki agunyazwe ukukhiqiza ngokwayo namuhla?

Irekhodi akudingeki libe lide. Kudingeka lilawulwe, lilandeleke futhi lisayinwe abantu abanegunya. Uma into egunyaziwe ishintsha kamuva, ithimba lephrojekthi lingaqhathanisa ushintsho nebaseline ekhishiwe esikhundleni sokwakha kabusha isinqumo emilayezweni.

Amaphrojekthi asachaza umthamo, ubukhulu bendlu, okokufaka kwesimo sezulu noma ububanzi bohlelo awakakafiki kulesi sigaba sokuhlola. Lokho okokufaka kungena ku-ukuhlelwa kwepulazi lezinkukhu zamaqanda lentengiselwano ngaphambi kwesiphakamiso sentengo.

1. Khomba i-oda elikhishwayo

Isigaba sokuqala kufanele senze i-oda licace ngokungangabazeki. Bhala igama lephrojekthi noma le-oda, umthengi, umhlinzeki, inkomba ye-oda lokuthenga noma yenkontileka kanye nephakethe elithile lemishini elihlanganiswa ukukhishwa.

Uma i-oda linezindlu eziningi, izigaba noma amaphakethe emishini, shono ukuthi imvume ihlanganisa konke lokhu noma ingxenye ethile kuphela. Ukukhululwa okuyingxenye kufanele kushiwo ingxenye ekhululiwe futhi kugcine ingxenye engakhululwanga ngaphandle komyalelo wokukhiqiza.

Lokhu kuvimbela umyalezo ojwayelekile othi "ngicela uqhubeke" ukuthi utolikwe kabanzi kunalokho umthengi ayekuhlose.

2. Bhala uhlu lwamadokhumenti alawulayo ngokushintshwa kwawo

Irekhodi lokukhululwa kufanele likhombe amadokhumenti alawula ukukhiqizwa, isibonelo:

inkontileka esayiniwe noma i-oda lokuthenga;
isiphakamiso esigunyaziwe noma isivumelwano sobuchwepheshe;
uhlu lokugcina lwemishini;
isakhiwo esigunyaziwe kanye nemidwebo ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni;
ama-oda okushintsha agunyaziwe akhishwe ngaphambi kokukhululwa.

Kudokhumenti ngayinye, rekhoda inombolo yayo noma isihloko, usuku lokukhishwa, ukubuyekezwa kanye nesimo sokugunyazwa. Lapho kukhona ukungqubuzana phakathi kwamadokhumenti amabili, xazulula ukungqubuzana ngokubhala ngaphambi kokukhishwa.

Inhloso akukhona ukukopisha zonke izincazelo zobuchwepheshe efomini elisha. Inhloso ukwenza inguqulo esebenzayo ibonakale. Imibuzo enemininingwane mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele ifakwe noma ingafakwa kuphakethe lemishini ingena ku-umhlahlandlela wezindleko kanye nobubanzi bepulazi lezinkukhu zamaqanda elizenzakalelayo.

3. Qinisekisa ukuhlelwa okukhishiwe ngaphandle kokuvula kabusha isiphakamiso sentengo

Irekhodi lokukhiqiza kufanele likhombe uhlelo lokugcina lwemishini kanye nohlu lwezinketho oseludlule ukuhlolwa kwezohwebo nobuchwepheshe. Kufanele lisho ukuthi yiliphi iphakethe elikhishiwe nokuthi ngabe ikhona yini inketho esalokhu ingafakiwe, enikezwa umthengi noma elindile.

Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqinisekisa, hhayi umsebenzi wesibili wokucaphuna. Uma ukuhlelwa, inani noma umthwalo wemfanelo kusaxoxwa ngawo, into ethintekile kufanele ihlale ingakhululwa.

Umugqa wokuhlelwa owusizo uqukethe:

igama lesistimu noma iphakethe;
imodeli okuvunyelwene ngayo noma ireferensi yezobuchwepheshe lapho kusebenza khona;
inani elikhululiwe noma ukwabiwa kwendlu;
ukubuyekezwa kohlu lwemishini okulawulayo;
isimo sokukhululwa.

Unganciki ebinzini elijwayelekile elifana nelithi "imishini yezinkukhu ezenzekelayo" uma uhlelo olugunyaziwe luqukethe izistimu noma izinketho eziningi.

4. Bhala isimo somdwebo ngaphandle kokuphinda ukubuyekezwa komdwebo

Lesi sihloko asinqumi ukuthi yimiphi imidwebo yobunjiniyela edingwa iphrojekthi ethile. Lokho kungokwenqubo yokubuyekezwa kobuchwepheshe nokugunyazwa kwemidwebo yephrojekthi.

Irekhodi lokugunyazwa kokukhiqiza kufanele liphendule imibuzo emine yokuphatha kuphela:

1. Yimuphi umdwebo noma iqoqo lemidwebo elilawula umsebenzi okhululiwe?

2. Iyiphi inguqulo yamanje?

3. Ubani owagunyazayo futhi nini?

4. Ngabe kukhona imibono yemidwebo ebucayi ekukhiqizeni esavuliwe?

Uma umdwebo "ugunyazwe nemibono," irekhodi kufanele lisho ukuthi leyo mibono ivimbela ukukhiqizwa, ivumela ukukhishwa okunemibandela elinganiselwe noma ingavalwa kamuva ngaphandle kokushintsha umsebenzi okhishiwe.

Lokhu kuphathwa okuncane kugcina indawo ehlukile yesinqumo yokugunyazwa komdwebo onemininingwane futhi kuvimbela umdwebo wangaphambi kwesikhathi noma oshintshiwe ukuthi ungasetshenziswa ngephutha.

5. Hlukanisa yonke into engaxazululiwe

Akuzona zonke izinto ezivuliwe ezinomphumela ofanayo. Hlukanisa izinto ezingaxazululiwe ngomthelela wazo emsebenzini ogunyazwayo.

Isivimbeli sokukhishwa: ukukhiqizwa akumele kuqale entweni ethintekile.
Ukukhishwa okunemibandela: ingxenye ebhaliwe kuphela ingaqhubeka ngaphansi komcabango oshiwo, umkhawulo kanye nesimo sokuma.
Isenzo sangemva kokukhishwa: into ayishintshi umsebenzi okhishiwe kodwa isanomnini nosuku lokugcina.

Into ngayinye evuliwe kufanele isho:

isinqumo esingekho noma ubufakazi;
umsebenzi ongase uthinteke;
umnikazi obhekene nomsebenzi;
usuku lokugcina;
umphumela uma impendulo yokugcina ihluka ekucabangeni kokukhishwa.

Isicatshulwa esingaqoshiwe asiyona into evaliwe. Izikhala zokuphepha, ezokulawula, zobukhulu obubalulekile, zokuxhumana okubalulekile kanye nezigunyazo zesivumelwano akufanele zithathwe njengezingakhululwa ngokombandela. Kwezinye izikhala, ukukhululwa ngokombandela kufanele kukhawulwe ngokubhaliwe ngabahloli abagunyaziwe futhi kufake izicatshulwa zako, umsebenzi ovunyelwe kanye nesimo sokuma. Uma imininingwane engekho yensiza, yesakhiwo noma yomsebenzi wendawo ingashintsha ukuxhumana kwemishini, iphakethe elithintekile kufanele lihlale livinjiwe noma linombandela kuze kube kuqinisekiswa ukuxhumana. Okokufaka okuyisisekelo kungahlolwa nge-umhlahlandlela wolwazi lukagesi namanzi, kodwa le rekhodi yokukhishwa ithwala kuphela isimo sayo sokugunyazwa kanye nereferensi.

6. Yenza isinqumo sokugunyaza sicace

Isigaba sokugcina kufanele sibe nesinqumo esingaqondakali:

kukhishwe ukuze kusetshenziswe ekukhiqizeni;
kukhishwe ngokombandela engxenyeni eshiwo;
kugcinwe kulindwe izithiyo ezibaluliwe.

Bhala usuku olusebenzayo, ububanzi obukhishiwe kanye nomgunyathi noma abagunyazi abaqokwe isivumelwano esilawulayo kanye nezinqubo zokugunyazwa ezisebenzayo. Lapho kudingeka ukuqinisekiswa kwazo zombili izinhlangothi, bhala bobabili abasayini abagunyaziwe. Uma imithetho yenkampani idinga ukugunyazwa okwengeziwe kwezobuchwepheshe, kwezebhizinisi noma kwekhwalithi, bhala lezo zigunyazo esikhundleni sokucabanga ukuthi isiginesha eyodwa sihlanganisa yonke imisebenzi.

Umgunyathi kufanele futhi ukhombe ukuthi izinguquko zakamuva zizolawulwa kanjani. Ushintsho lwakamuva lungase luthinte ukuhambisana, intengo noma isikhathi, ngakho-ke kufanele lubuyekezwe futhi lwamukelwe ngokubhaliwe ngaphambi kokuqaliswa.

Ithebula elihlangene lokugunyazwa kokukhiqiza

Inkambu yokukhishwa	Inkomba yobufakazi	Isinqumo / umnikazi
Ubunikazi be-oda	Inkomba yenkontileka noma i-PO	Kuqinisekisiwe / kuvuliwe
Iphakethe elikhishiwe	Uhlelo lokugcina lwemishini kanye nokubuyekezwa	Kukhishiwe / ingxenye / kubanjiwe
Imidwebo elawulayo	Izinombolo zemidwebo kanye nokubuyekezwa	Kuvunyiwe / okunemibandela / kuvuliwe
Izinguquko ezivunyiwe	Izinkomba zokushintsha kwe-oda	Kufakiwe / akufakiwe / kuvuliwe
Izithiyo zokukhishwa	Irejista yezinto ezivuliwe	Umnikazi nosuku lokugcina
Izicabango ezinemibandela	Umkhawulo obhaliwe nomphumela	Umgunyazi kanye nokuphelelwa yisikhathi
Ugunyazo	Isinqumo sokukhishwa esisayiniwe	Usuku olusebenzayo
Ukulawulwa koshintsho	Indlela yoshintsho oluvunyelwene ngokubhaliwe	Izinhlangano ezibophekile

Yonke imigqa "eqinisekisiwe" noma "egunyaziwe" kufanele ikhombe idokhumenti yamanje. Yonke imigqa evuliwe kufanele ibe nomnikazi kanye nomphumela wesinqumo.

Lokhu kukhishwa akukugunyazi

Ugunyaziso lokukhiqiza liyindawo eyodwa yokulawula enqubweni yephrojekthi enkulu. Akusikho:

ukugunyazwa kwento yobubanzi engafakwanga ohlwini;
ukwamukelwa kwezimpahla eziqediwe;
imvume yokuthumela;
isiqinisekiso sokuthi indawo isilungile;
ukwamukelwa kokufakwa noma kokusebenza;
esikhundleni sokubuyekezwa kwenkontileka, ubunjiniyela noma ukulawulwa.

Okubanzi inqubo yokulethwa kwephrojekthi yepulazi lesendlalelo ibeka ukukhiqiza ngaphakathi kokulandelana okuphelele. Ukulungela nokwamukelwa kamuva kufanele kuphathwe ngamarekhodi azo, kufaka phakathi uhlu lokuhlola ukusebenza ngaphambi kokubekwa lapho kufanele khona.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ngabe ukukhiqiza kungaqala ngenkathi ezinye izinto zisavuliwe?

Kuphela lapho izinto ezivuliwe zingaphazamisi umsebenzi okhishiwe, noma lapho ababuyekezi abagunyaziwe bekhipha imvume ebhaliwe elinganiselwe echaza umsebenzi ovunyelwe, izicabango, imiphumela kanye nesimo sokumisa. Izikhala zokuphepha, zokulawula, zobukhulu obubalulekile, zokuxhumana okubalulekile kanye neziphathimandla zesivumelwano zihlala ziyizithiyo.

Ngabe isilinganiso esivunyiwe sanele ukuthi ukukhiqiza kuqale?

Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isicaphuno sasekutheni singase singayikhombisi inkomba yokugcina ye-oda lokuthenga, ukubuyekezwa komdwebo, izinguquko ezigunyaziwe noma izithiyo ezisele. Irekhodi lokukhishwa lixhumanisa lezo zincwadi nesisekelo esisodwa sokusebenza esisebenzayo.

Ingabe ifomu lokukhishwa kufanele liphinde lisho zonke izicaciso zobuchwepheshe?

Cha. Kufanele libhekisele encazelweni evunyelwe kanye nokubuyekezwa kwemidwebo. Ukuphinda umxholo wobuchwepheshe kudokhumenti yesibili engalawulwa kungadala okunye ukungqubuzana kwenguqulo.

Kwenzekani uma umthengi eshintsha umdwebo ngemva kokukhishwa?

Thumela ushintsho njengokubuyekezwa okulawulwayo. Umsebenzi othintekayo akufanele ushintshe kuze kube yilapho umthelela wobuchwepheshe nowezentengiselwano ubuyekezwe futhi wamukelwe ngokubhaliwe.

Ubani okufanele asayine isigunyazo sokukhiqiza?

Izinhlangano ezigunyaziwe zincike enkontilekeni kanye nohlelo lokugunyazwa lwenkampani ngayinye. Okungenani, irekhodi kufanele likhombise ukuthi ubani ogunyaze isisekelo sobuchwepheshe nokuthi ubani owayenegunya lokukhulula i-oda lezentengiselwano.

Khulula isisekelo, hhayi ukungaqiniseki

Ugunyaziso oluqinile lokukhiqiza alunikezi isiqinisekiso sokuthi ngeke kwenzeke inkinga kamuva. Lusiza izinhlangano zephrojekthi ezigunyaziwe ukuthi zikhombe ukuthi yini eyagunyazwa, yiziphi izinguqulo ezazilawula, yiziphi izinto ezasala zivuliwe nokuthi izinguquko zakamuva zizosetshenzwa kanjani.

Uma ungqimba lwezentengiselwano noma i-oda lepullet-farm lisondela kulesi sikhathi sokuhlola, qala ingxoxo eqondene nephrojekthingesifinyezo esingeyona eyimfihlo yesigaba somyalo, iphakethe elikhishiwe, isimo sedokhumenti kanye nemibuzo engakaxazululwa. Amadokhumenti enkontileka, imidwebo, amanani kanye namanye amafayela abucayi kwezohwebo kufanele kudluliswe kuphela ngesiteshi esivikelekile esamukelwa yizinhlangothi ezigunyaziwe. Lokhu kufakwa kungahlelwa kube imibuzo esadinga ukuqinisekiswa ngokubhaliwe. Ububanzi bobuchwepheshe, umthwalo wemfanelo, uhlelo lwesikhathi, intengo kanye nokuhambisana kuhlala kuncike ekubuyekezweni okubhaliwe okuncike kuphrojekthi kanye nesivumelwano.

Lesi sihloko sinikeza ulwazi olujwayelekile lokuhlela iphrojekthi. Izinqumo zokugcina zobunjiniyela, ezentengiselwano, ezokulawula kanye nezokusebenza zihlala zincike ekubuyekezweni okuncike kuphrojekthi kanye nesivumelwano esibhaliwe esilawulayo.

Izindaba Ezihlobene