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Kwadalwa ngo 08.28

Ibhande Lomanyolo, Ukomiswa Komanyolo Noma Ukuvundiswa: Ipulazi Lezinkukhu Ezibekela Amaqanda Kufanele Liqhathanise Kanjani Lezi Zinketho?

Ibhande likamquba, umshini wokomisa umquba kanye nohlelo lokwenza umquba ube umanyolo akwenzi umsebenzi ofanayo. Ibhande likamquba liqoqa futhi likhiphe umquba endlini yezinkukhu. Umshini wokomisa wehlisa umswakama futhi ushintshe isimo sokuphathwa kwento. Ukwenza umquba ube umanyolo kuyinqubo yebhayoloji elawulwayo ezinza izinto eziphilayo ukuze zisetshenziswe ngendlela ethile ezansi. Amapulazi amaningi ezinkukhu ezithengiswayo adinga izigaba ezimbili noma zontathu kunokukhetha okukodwa okuhlukanisiwe.
Indlela efanele incike esimweni somquba ongenayo, inani lansuku zonke, ishejuli yokususwa, isimo sezulu, umoya noma ukushisa okutholakalayo, indawo yomhlaba nesakhiwo, izinsiza, abasebenzi, ukugcinwa, ukuthutha, izidingo zendawo zemvelo kanye nendawo okuhlosiwe yento. Ukuqhathanisa ngakho-ke kufanele kuqale ngokugeleza okuphelele—kusukela emgqeni wekheji kuya kokwamukelayo kokugcina—hhayi ngentengo yomshini owodwa.

Impendulo Emfushane: Qhathanisa Imisebenzi Ngaphambi Kwemishini

Sebenzisa lo mehluko lapho ubuyekeza iziphakamiso:
  • Ibhande lomquba: ukuqoqa nokususa njalo ngaphansi kwamakheji.
  • Ukumiswa komquba: ukunciphisa umswakama nokudluliselwa okulawulekayo, ukugcinwa noma ukucutshungulwa okwengeziwe.
  • Ukuvundisa: ukuqiniswa kwezinto eziphilayo okudinga umswakama ofanele, umoya, isakhiwo, isikhathi nokuphathwa.
  • Ukugcinwa nokusetshenziswa kokugcina: isigaba sokuhlela esihlukile esisadinga umthamo, ukukhipha amanzi, ukufinyelela, ukuphathwa kwezakhi, nokuqinisekiswa kwemithetho.
Lezi zigaba zingahambisana. Isibonelo, amabhande asendlini angadlulisa umquba kumshini wokomisa onezitezi eziningi, bese okukhiphayo kuya endaweni yokugcina, ukuthengisa, ukusetshenziswa emhlabathini noma kwenye inqubo yokwelapha. Ipulazi elihlukile lingadlulisa umquba endaweni yokwenza umquba lapho kutholakala khona izinto zekhabhoni, ukuphendula kanye nokuqapha inqubo.

1. Lokho Ibhande Lomquba Elikwenza Ngempela

Ohlelweni lwezingqimba ezibekiwe, amabhande angaphansi kwezitezi zamakheji athola umanyolo futhi awuthwale awuyise kumshini wokudlulisa noma endaweni yokukhipha. Inani lawo eliyinhloko ukuqoqa okulawulwayo nokususwa njalo endlini enezilwane. Imvamisa yokususwa, ububanzi nobude bebhande, ukuhlelwa kokushayela, ukwelula, ukufinyelela kokuhlanza, amandla omshini wokudlulisa kanye nokuphakama kokukhipha kufanele kuhambisane nokuhlelwa kwamakheji nohlelo lokusebenza.
Ibhande ngokwalo alichazi isimo sokugcina somquba. Umswakama ungashintsha ngenxa yokuvuza kwamanzi okuphuzwayo, isimo sokudla nezinyoni, umoya, isizini, isikhathi sokuhlala ebhandeni kanye nokuqondiswa kokusebenza. I-University of Georgia Extension ikhomba ukuthi ukumiswa kwebhande ngomoya ophumayo endlini kungenye yezindlela ezivamile, kuyilapho futhi iphawula ukuthi izinguquko zomoya ngokwezizini zingathinta kakhulu ukumiswa. Isifundo sabathengi akukhona ukukopisha umphumela omisiwe; ukubuza ukuthi yimuphi umoya nokucatshangwa kokusebenza okusekela umphumela ohlongozwayo.
Umzila womquba kufanele uxhumaniswe nekheji, isakhiwo kanye nezinsiza ezisetshenziswayo ku-umhlahlandlela wokuhlela ipulazi lezinkukhu ezithengiswayo.

2. Lapho Umshini Wokomisa Umquba Ozimele Ungena Enqubweni

Umshini wokomisa umquba ozimele uthola umquba ngemva kokuqoqwa bese uwusakaza emabhandeni anyakazayo anezimbobo kuyilapho umoya olawulwayo udlula ezintweni. Uyasetshenziswa lapho ipulazi lidinga isigaba sokunciphisa umswakama ngamabomu kakhulu kunalokho ukuhlala ebhandeni ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo okungakwenza kuphela.
Ukukhetha komshini wokomisa kufanele kusekelwe enanini nasesimweni somquba ongenayo, ukulingana kokulayisha, umoya noma ukushisa okutholakalayo, isikhathi sokuhlala, izimo zemvelo, ugesi, indawo yokufaka, indlela yokufinyelela yokulungisa, ukuphathwa kothuli, ukuphathwa kokukhipha kanye nesimo sokukhipha esidingekayo. Umphumela wokugcina wokudlulisa, isikhathi sokomisa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nomswakama wokukhipha akunakuthenjiswa ngenani lezinkukhu kuphela.
I-Daofeng yokomisa umquba wezinkukhu lichaza ukuthi ukuqoqa, ukudlulisa, ukusabalalisa, ukumisa ngezitezi eziningi, ukukhipha kanye nokuxhuma kokugcina okufanele kuqinisekiswe ngephrojekthi yangempela.

3. Lapho Ukwenza Umquba Kuyindlela Ehlukile

Ukwenza umquba akusikho nje ukushiya umquba uyinqwaba. Kuyinqubo yebhayoloji edinga umoya. Okokusebenza kudinga ukulinganisela okufanele komswakama, umoya-mpilo, ikhabhoni ne-nitrogen, ukwakheka okwanele kokugeleza komoya, isikhathi senqubo kanye nokuphathwa okusebenzayo. Umquba omusha ongenalugodo ungadinga ukuthi kufakwe ikhabhoni noma esinye isinyathelo sokulungisa ngoba ungaba nzima futhi ube ne-nitrogen eningi.
Indlela yokwenza umquba (composting) nayo idinga indawo yokwamukela, ukuxuba, ukucubungula okusebenzayo nokuvuthwa; ukufinyelela kwemishini; ukulawula amanzi okukhipha nokugeleza; ukuphatha iphunga nezimpukane; ukuqapha; ukwehlukaniswa nomgwaqo ohlanzekile; kanye nokusetshenziswa okucacisiwe noma umthengi wento eqediwe. Imithetho yendawo inquma ukuthi umquba (manure) ungagcinwa kanjani, ucubungulwe, uthuthwe futhi usetshenziswe. Umhlinzeki wemishini angaxhumanisa izici ezihlangene, kodwa izibopho zendawo zokongiwa kwemvelo nokuphathwa kwezakhi (nutrient-management) kumele ziqinisekiswe ngumnikazi wephrojekthi nangochwepheshe bendawo abaqeqeshiwe.

4. Ukuqhathanisa Okusebenzayo Kokuthenga

Indawo yokuthatha isinqumo
Ibhande likamanyolo
Ukumiswa okukhethekile
Ukwenziwa komquba
Umsebenzi oyinhloko
Ukuqoqa nokususa
Ukunciphisa umswakama nokuthuthukisa isimo sokuphatha
Ukuzinzisa ngokwebhayoloji izinto eziphilayo
Indawo evamile
Ngaphansi kwamakheji nendawo yokuphuma endlini
Ngemva kokuqoqa nokudlulisela
Ngemva kokuqoqa, nezindawo zokulungiselela nokuvuthwa
Okokufaka okubalulekile
Ukuhlelwa kwamakheji, imvamisa yokususa, ukuxhumana kwebhande ne-conveyor
Isimo esingenayo, umthamo, ukugeleza komoya/ukushisa, isimo sezulu, izinsiza
Ingxube yezinto, umthombo wekhabhoni, umswakama, umoya, isikhathi, indawo
Ukuxhumana okukhulu
I-conveyor ephambanayo, ukuphuma, izilawuli, ukuhlanza
Ukusabalalisa, ukugeleza komoya, amandla, uthuli, ukuphuma, ukugcina
Ukuxuba, ukuphendula/ukungenisa umoya, ukukhipha amanzi, ukuqapha, ukuvuthwa, ukusetshenziswa kokugcina
Iphutha elivamile
Ukuphatha ukuqoqa njengokwelashwa kokugcina
Ukuthenga ngosayizi wokuqagela ngaphandle kwesisekelo sokusebenza
Ukuphatha inqwaba engalawulwa njengenqubo elawulwayo
Leli thebula liyimephu yemisebenzi, hhayi isincomo esisebenzela wonke umuntu. Ipulazi lingahlanganisa izigaba, futhi umzila wokugcina ungafaka isitoreji esengeziwe, ukucubungula umanyolo, ukukhishwa okugunyaziwe noma ukusetshenziswa emhlabathini.

5. Imibuzo Eyisishiyagalombili Enquma Umzila Ongcono

  1. Yiliphi inani nesimo somanyolo ofika endaweni yokukhipha usuku ngalunye?
  2. Ijwayele kangakanani indlu ngayinye ukukhipha umanyolo, futhi ingabe imishini yasezansi ingamukela ukugeleza okuphezulu?
  3. Kwenzekani ngesikhathi sokusebenza esinomswakama omkhulu, okubandayo noma okungenawo umoya owanele?
  4. Yikuphi ukugeleza komoya, ukushisa, ugesi, amanzi, nezinsiza eziyisipele okutholakala ngempela?
  5. Bukhulu kangakanani isikhala esikhona semishini, isitoreji, ukufinyelela kwezimoto, ukwenza umquba nokwandisa esikhathini esizayo?
  6. Umphumela uzoya kuphi, futhi yisiphi isimo lowo owamukelayo asidingayo?
  7. Yimiphi imithetho yendawo esebenza ekugcinweni, ekukhishweni, ekugelezeni kwamanzi, ekuthuthweni, ekucutshungulweni nasekusetshenzisweni komhlaba?
  8. Ubani ohlinzeka futhi aqondise ukusebenza kwe-conveyor ngayinye, ukuvulwa, isignali yokulawula, ipulatifomu nokuxhumeka kokukhipha?
Ngenxa yokuthi ukungena komoya endlini kuthinta umswakama womquba nezimo zokomiswa, buyekeza umhlahlandlela wokuhlela ukungena komoya endlini yezinkukhu ngaphambi kokuqinisa isheduli yemishini yomquba.

6. Qhathanisa Ububanzi Obuphelele, Hhayi Intengo Yomshini Owodwa

Izilinganiso ezimbili zingasebenzisa ilebula efanayo yemishini kodwa zihlanganise imingcele ehlukile. Enye ingafaka ama-conveyor okudlulisa, imishini yokusabalalisa, amapulatifomu, izilawuli zikagesi nokuqondisa ukusebenza; enye ingama emshinini omkhulu. Linganisa ububanzi ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa izamba.
  • isisekelo sokuklama nokuqagela komquba ongenayo;
  • ubuningi bemishini, izinto zokwakha nolwazi lokuvikela ukugqwala;
  • amabhande endlini, ama-cross conveyor nokuphakama kokudlulisa;
  • umoya noma umthombo wokushisa kanye nohlangothi olubhekele lokho;
  • amaphaneli kagesi, izintambo, izinzwa, izilawuli kanye nama-alamu;
  • izindawo zokwakha, izisekelo, amapulatifomu kanye nokuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu;
  • umngcele wokugcina, ukulayisha, ukuthutha kanye nokucubungula okulandelayo;
  • ukugadwa kokufakwa, ukuhlolwa, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuqaliswa kokusebenza; kanye
  • okungafakiwe, izinto ezisetshenziswayo, izingxenye ezigqokayo kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa.
Ukuqondiswa okufanayo kwesikopu kusebenza kuyo yonke indawo ye-umhlahlandlela wemishini yepulazi lezinkukhu elizisebenzelayo ngokugcwele, ngoba ukuphathwa kukadoti kufanele kuhambisane nokudla, amanzi, isimo sezulu, izilawuli kanye nesakhiwo.

7. Umgomo Wokuhlela Ngokusekelwe Ekugelezeni

I-Tao Te Ching ivame ukuqaphela ukuthi imiphumela ehlala isikhathi eside ivela ekuqondeni indlela izinto ezihamba ngayo ngokwemvelo nokushintsha ngayo. Ohlelweni lomquba, lokhu kuba ubunjiniyela obusebenzayo: impahla, umoya, amanzi, izimoto, abantu kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo konke kudinga indlela engavinjelwe. Ukuphoqa umshini owodwa ojwayelekile ukuthi ungene kuyo yonke ipulazi kunganaki isimo sezulu, isikhala kanye nendawo lapho impahla iya khona.
Ukubambisana okuhle kwamazwe ngamazwe kuqala ngokucaca. Umthengi uchaza izimo zangempela zendawo kanye nomthengisi usho imicabango nemingcele yokuklama. Akekho noyedwa kubo ofihla ukungaqiniseki ngemuva kwesithembiso sekhathalogi. Lokhu kudala isixazululo esingahlolwa, sisebenze futhi sithuthukiswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi—uhlobo oluthulile lokuhlonipha ipulazi, abasebenzi balo, omakhelwane kanye nomhlaba othola izakhi zomzimba.

Ulwazi Okumele Uluthumele Ngaphambi Kokucela Isiphakamiso

  • izwe lephrojekthi, indawo kanye nezidingo zendawo ezisebenzayo;
  • umthamo wezinyoni, isibalo sezindlu, imigqa namashelufu amakheji;
  • imidwebo yezindlu nezindawo zokukhipha umquba;
  • inani lamanje noma elilindelekile lomquba nesimo salo, uma likalwa;
  • ishejuli yokususa namahora adingekayo okusebenza;
  • izinga lokushisa lonyaka, umswakama nohlelo lokungenisa umoya;
  • ugesi olutholakalayo, ukushisa, amanzi nezinsiza eziyisipele;
  • isikhala, ukuphakama, ukufinyelela nezindawo ezihlongozwayo zokugcina;
  • ukusetshenziswa kokugcina okufiswayo, umthengi noma indlela yokulahla; futhi
  • ukufakwa okudingekayo, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza nokuqeqeshwa kokusekela.

Imibuzo Ejwayelekile

Ingabe ibhande likamanyolo liyafana nesistimu yokomisa umanyolo?

Cha. Ibhande elingaphansi kwamakheji ngokuyinhloko liqoqa futhi likhiphe umanyolo. Ukoma okuthile kungenzeka ngenkathi umanyolo uselibhandeni, ikakhulukazi lapho umoya unikezwa ngamabomu, kodwa isomisi esizinikezelwe siyisigaba esihlukile sokucubungula esinemfuneko yaso yokulayisha, ukugeleza komoya, isikhathi sokuhlala, nokukhishwa.

Ingabe yonke ipulazi lezinkukhu ezizenzakalelayo lidinga isomisi somanyolo?

Cha. Isinqumo sincike esimweni somanyolo, isimo sezulu, uhlelo lokususa, ukugcinwa, ezokuthutha, ukusetshenziswa kokugcina, imithethonqubo, izinsiza, indawo namandla okusebenza. Isomisi kufanele sixazulule inkinga echaziwe yephrojekthi, hhayi ukuthi singezwa nje ngoba ipulazi lizenzakalelayo.

Ingabe umanyolo wezinkukhu omisiwe ungafakwa emqubeni kamuva?

Ingase ingene emzileni wakamuva wezinto eziphilayo noma wokucubungula umanyolo, kodwa isimo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo nokufakwayo kwenqubo kufanele kuhambisane nalowo mzila. Ukomisa nokwenza umquba kunezinhloso ezahlukene; umsebenzisi osezansi kufanele achaze izimfuneko zokwamukela nezinqubo.

Yikuphi ukukhetha okunezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zokusebenza?

Asikho impendulo eyodwa ethembekile esebenza kuyo yonke indawo. Izindleko zincike enanini lezinto kanye nomswakama, isimo sezulu, umthombo wamandla, abasebenzi, izinto eziguqula umquba (carbon amendments), umhlaba, ububanzi bemishini, ukunakekela, ukugcina, ukuthutha kanye nenani noma izindleko zomphumela wokugcina. Qhathanisa izimo zomjikelezo wokuphila usebenzisa imicabango efanayo.

Yini okufanele ifakwe esilinganisweni sokuphatha umquba?

Kufanele kusho isisekelo sokuklama, umdwebo wokugeleza, uhlelo lwemishini, ukuqagela komthamo, izinsiza, ukuxhumana, izibopho zomphakathi nezikagesi, ukufakwa, izilawuli, ukuphepha, ukuhlola, ukuqeqesha, ukugunyazwa, okungafakiwe kanye nolwazi oludingekayo kumthengi.

Hlela Wonke Umzila Ngaphambi Kokukhetha Imishini

Uhlelo oluthembekile lomquba luxhumanisa ukuqoqwa, ukususwa, ukudluliswa, ukwelashwa, ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa nokusetshenziswa kokugcina. Qala ngesiza nomzila wokusebenza, bese ukhetha amabhande, isomisi, indlela yokwenza umquba noma ezinye izinhlelo ezingezansi ezidingekayo ukuze zikusekele.
I-Henan Daofeng Livestock Equipment Co., Ltd. ingakwazi ukuxhumanisa izinto ezihlobene nemishini yamaphrojekthi ezinkukhu ezibekela amaqanda. Lungisa ulwazi olungenhla futhi cele ukuhlolwa komquba okuqondene nephrojekthi ngokusekelwe ezimweni zakho zangempela zepulazi.
Umbhali: Zhao Jinhong
Inkampani: Henan Daofeng Livestock Equipment Co., Ltd.






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