Kwadalwa ngo 09.25

Ubani Unamahora Okugcina Angama-72 Ngaphambi Kokufakwa Kwamachwane? Uhlaka Lokunikezelwa Lokuhamba/Nokungahambi

Amahora angu-72 okugcina ngaphambi kokufakwa kwamatshwele kufanele athathwe njengengxenye yokuphatha elawulwayo, hhayi njengomthetho wobuchwepheshe ojwayelekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ithimba lomsebenzi kufanele lihlonze ukuthi ubani oqinisekisa isimo ngasinye sokulungela, ubani olungisa okungajwayelekile, ubani owamukela ubufakazi, nokuthi ubani onegunya lokubambezela ukufakwa. Isikhathi kufanele silungiswe ngokuhambisana nohlelo lomhlinzeki wamatshwele, uhlelo lwezempilo yezilwane nokuvikelwa kwempilo epulazini, isiqondiso sohlobo olukhethiwe, izincwadi zokufundisa ngemishini, izidingo zendawo kanye nenkontileka ebhaliwe.

Umehluko oyinhloko ulula: imishini ekwazi ukuqala ayisho ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi indlu yezinkukhu isilungele ukwamukela amachwane. Amamotho angase asebenze kuyilapho ukukhushulwa kwe-alamu kungacaci. Amanzi angase afinyelele emigqeni kuyilapho ukukhululwa kwe-biosecurity kusavuliwe. Isilawuli singase sibonise amanani ajwayelekile kuyilapho izimo zingakahlolwa ezindaweni ezimele izinyoni. Ukunikezwa komsebenzi okunesibopho kuxhumanisa ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe, ukuphathwa kwepulazi, ukulethwa kwamachwane kanye nesinqumo sokugcina sokubeka.

Okushiwo iwindi lokugcina okuhloswe ukukufeza

Inhloso akukhona ukuphinda wonke amasheke emishini noma okufuywayo. Sebenzisa i-uhlu lokuhlola oluningiliziwe lwe-pre-placement commissioningwalowo msebenzi wesistimu ngayinye.

Iwindi lokugcina lokudlulisela linomsebenzi ohlukile. Kufanele liguqule ukuhlolwa osekuqediwe kanye nokuhlukile okusele kube yirekhodi elilodwa lesinqumo esilawulwayo. Ekupheleni kwewindi, ithimba lephrojekthi kufanele likwazi ukuphendula imibuzo emihlanu:

1. Yibuphi ubufakazi obukhombisa ukuthi isistimu ngayinye ebalulekile isilungele?

2. Yiziphi izimo ezingafakwanga ezingavulekile, futhi yiluphi ingozi eziyidalayo ekufakweni?

3. Ubani ongumnikazi wesenzo ngasinye sokulungisa kanye nomnqamulajuqu?

4. Iyiphi inhlangano eqinisekisa izimo zepulazi, zebhayoloji kanye nezokulethwa?

5. Ubani oqopha futhi agunyaze isinqumo sokugcina sokuqhubeka, ukuqhubeka okunemibandela noma ukungaqhubeki?

Uma le mibuzo ingaphendulwa, indlu ingase ithuthukiswe ngomshini kodwa ingakulungele ukusetshenziswa.

Izindima ezinhlanu okungafanele zididaniswe

Amagama ezindima ayahluka ngokwephrojekthi. Inkampani eyodwa ingase yenze izindima eziningi, noma indima ingase ihlukaniswe phakathi kosonkontileka. Isivumelwano esibhaliwe kanye nezinqubo zasepulazini kuseyikho okugunyazayo. Ithebula elingezansi liwuhlaka lwengxoxo, hhayi ukwabiwa kwemfanelo zomthetho jikelele.

Indima	Umnikelo wobufakazi obujwayelekile	Umngcele okufanele ushiwo ngokucacile
Umhlinzeki wemishini	Amamanyuwali, izilungiselelo zemishini ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokuhlinzeka, izinqubo zokuhlola, ulwazi lwezingxenye zokusalela, iwaranti kanye noxhumana lokukhuphuka	Akunamalungelo okuzenzakalela emisebenzini yezokwakha, izinsiza zikagesi ezingenayo, ukuvikelwa kwezempilo yezilwane epulazini, ukukhululwa kwezempilo yezilwane noma izinhlelo ezingafakiwe esivumelwaneni
Ithimba lokufaka noma lokusebenzisa	Amarekhodi okuqedwa kokufaka, ukuhlolwa kokujikeleza/ukuhambisana, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, amarekhodi okulungisa kanye nezinto ezingakaqedwa	Akufanele kuvalwe into ngaphandle kwekhono layo noma kuqinisekiswe ukulungela kwebhayoloji
Umphathi wepulazi	Ukulungela kwabasebenzi, izinsiza, ukutholakala kokudla namanzi, izinqubo zokusebenza, ukulawulwa kokungena, ubunikazi bamarekhodi kanye nokusabela ezimeni eziphuthumayo	Akufanele kuguqulwe izilungiselelo zobuchwepheshe ezivikelwe noma kwamukelwe izingozi ezingakaxazululwa zochwepheshe ngaphandle kwegunya elidingekayo
Udokotela wezilwane noma umholi wezobuchwepheshe ogunyaziwe	Ukukhishwa kwezempilo yezilwane kanye nokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuchazwa kwezimo zokulungela izinyoni ngaphansi kohlelo lwepulazi	Abahlinzeki bemishini akufanele bashintshe isinqumo sabo esikhundleni semvume yezempilo yezilwane noma edingekayo ngokomthetho
Umhlinzeki wamachwane noma oxhumana naye kwezokuthutha	Isikhathi sokulethwa, inani kanye nemibhalo, isimo sokuthutha, ukuxhumana ngokufika kanye nezidingo zokwamukela	Akugunyazi indlu yezinkukhu noma kwamukele imishini ngaphandle kwesivumelwano sokulethwa esivunyelwene ngaso

Isiyalo esibaluleke kakhulu akukhona ukwabela umhlinzeki noma ipulazi wonke umsebenzi. Kuwukuvimbela igebe lomthwalo phakathi kwabo.

Qala ngokubeka phansi isisekelo sesinqumo

Ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokugcina, khomba imibhalo yakamuva egunyaziwe elawula ukudluliselwa. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlelwa, uhlelo lwemishini, uhlelo lokusebenza, umhlahlandlela wohlobo, izincwadi ze-OEM, inqubo yokukhishwa kwezempilo yezilwane/nokuphepha kwezinto eziphilayo, uhlelo lokulethwa kwamachwane, izinombolo zokuxhumana eziphuthumayo kanye nohlu lwamanje lwezinto okumele zenziwe.

Qopha ukuthi yikuphi ukubuyekezwa okusetshenziswayo. Uma amaqembu ehlola emidwebeni ehlukene noma emashidini okusetha izilawuli ahlukene, isiginesha ekugcineni ngeke ilungise ukungafani.

Lena futhi yisikhathi sokuqinisekisa umngcele wenkontileka. I-izinga lezohwebo izinqumo zepulazi ngaphambi kwesiphakamiso sentengo kufanele ngabe isivele ichaze izixhumanisi ezinkulu. Umthengi kufanele futhi aqhathanise lezo zibopho nemibhalo ebhaliwe ye-izinto ezibangela izindleko zepulazi lezinga elizenzakalelayo, ngoba ukufakwa, ukusethwa, izinsiza zikagesi namanzi, ukuqeqeshwa, kanye nokusekelwa kokunikezwa kungase kube sezinhlangothini ezihlukene zomkhawulo oshiwoyo. Uma izixhumanisi zazingachazwanga, zibhale manje njengezinqumo ezivulekile esikhundleni sokuzifihla ngemuva kwesitatimende esijwayelekile esithi “ukusethwa kuqediwe.”

Hlukanisa izimo zobufakazi ezintathu

Into ngayinye ebalulekile kufanele ibekwe kwesinye sezimo ezintathu.

Kuqinisekisiwe

Ukuhlolwa noma ukubuyekezwa okuvunyelwene ngakho sekuqediwe, umphumela urekhodiwe, futhi umuntu obhekene nalo ukwamukele ngaphakathi kwegunya lakhe.

Kwamukelwe ngokombandela

Okuhlukile kusasele, kodwa abantu abagunyaziwe baye babhala phansi ukulawulwa kwesikhashana, umnikazi, umnqamulajuqu, indlela yokuqapha kanye nesizathu sokukhuphuka. Ukwamukelwa ngokombandela akufanele neze kusetshenziselwe ukweqa izidingo zezempilo yezilwane, ezokuphepha, ezomthetho noma zenkontileka.

Kuvuliwe noma kwehlulekile

Ubufakazi abukho, ukuhlolwa kwehlulekile, umuntu obhekene nalo akatholakali, noma ingozi ayikwazi ukulawulwa. Into isalokhu ibonakala ukuze kuthathwe isinqumo sokuhamba/nokungahambi.

Gwema izimo ezingacacile ezifana nokuthi "cishe sekuqediwe" noma "mhlawumbe kulungile." Azitsheli ishifu elilandelayo ukuthi yini ehloliwe, yini esasele, noma ubani okufanele aphendule.

Qhuba ukuhlolwa okuhlanganisiwe noma okulayishiwe kuphela ngaphansi kwendlela egunyaziwe

Ukuqalisa ngaphandle komthwalo kungaqinisekisa ukunyakaza okuyisisekelo, kodwa kungase kungavezi izinkinga ezivela lapho amasistimu esebenza ndawonye noma ethwala isidingo esijwayelekile senqubo. Lapho inqubo ye-OEM, idizayini egunyaziwe kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe bekuvumela khona, ithimba lingase lidinge ukuhlolwa okuthwesiwe noma okuhlanganisiwe okuvunyelwene ngakho kwemishini efanele kanye nezixhumanisi.

Uhlelo lokuhlola kufanele luchaze:

isimo sokuhlola esiphephile kanye nomthwalo ovunyelwe;
amasistimu azosebenza ndawonye;
umuntu olawula ukuhlola;
okubonwayo kanye namarekhodi adingekayo;
isimo sokuma kanye nokusabela okuphuthumayo; kanye
nomthetho wokuphinda ukuhlola ngemva kokulungiswa.

Ungalokothi udale isimo esingaphephile ukuze nje ufakazele i-alamu noma i-interlock. Ukwamukelwa kukagesi, ukudluliswa kwejeneretha, ukushisa, ukungenisa umoya, imishini enyakazayo kanye nemisebenzi elawulwayo evikelwe kudinga abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe abafanele kanye nenqubo egunyazwe umkhiqizi.

Umbuzo awukona nje ukuthi “Ngabe injini iqalile?” Futhi uthi “Ngabe yonke indlela yokusebenza yenze ngendlela ebilindelekile, futhi ngabe kukhona ubufakazi bokuthi ithimba lingasabela uma kungenjalo?”

Sebenzisa irejista eyodwa yezihlukile ezingafani phakathi kwemingcele yeqembu

Uhlu lwabosonkontileka abahlukene luvame ukufihla izinkinga zokuxhumana. Sebenzisa irejista eyodwa elawulwayo yezihlukile emhlanganweni wokugcina wokunikezela. Okufakiwe kufanele kufake:

inombolo yento ehlukile;
isistimu ethintekile nendawo;
ukuqaphela noma imfuneko ehlulekile;
ireferensi yobufakazi;
ubungozi bamanje ekubekweni noma ekusebenzeni;
umnikazi wesenzo;
isikhathi esifanele;
ukuhlolwa kabusha okudingekayo noma ubufakazi bokwamukelwa; kanye
nomuntu ogunyaziwe ukuvala into.

Izithombe zingasekela irekhodi, kodwa isithombe sisodwa asivamisile ukufakazela umsebenzi, izilungiselelo, umthwalo wemfanelo noma ukuvalwa. Xhumanisa isithombe neshethi yokuhlola, ukubuyekezwa komdwebo, irekhodi le-alamu noma umbhalo wokulungisa osayiniwe ochaza lokho okukubonisayo.

Ukuvalwa kusho ubufakazi, hhayi isibuyekezo somlomo

Isimo esiphuthumayo kufanele sivalwe kuphela lapho isenzo sokulungisa esivunyelwene ngaso sesiqediwe futhi ubufakazi obudingekayo busebuyekeziwe. Kuye ngento, ukuvalwa kungase kudinga ukuphinda kuhlolwe, umphumela okalwe, umdwebo obuyekeziwe, irekhodi lokuhlelwa, ukufakwa koqeqesho noma ukukhishwa okugunyaziwe.

Umuntu owenza ukulungisa akasolokhu enegunya lokukwamukela. Isibonelo, umfaki angalungisa ukuxhumana, kuyilapho umholi wokuqalisa eqinisekisa ukuhlolwa kokusebenza futhi umphathi wepulazi eqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokusebenza isibuyekeziwe. Izinto zezilwane noma zokulawula kufanele zihlale ziphethwe yisiphathimandla esifanele.

Uma into ingeke ivalwe ngaphambi kokufika, ungayisusi ngokuthula ohlwini. Yidlulisela emhlanganweni wezinqumo ngesimo sayo sangempela nokulawulwa kwengcuphe.

Xhumanisa ukuxhumana kokulethwa kwamachwane

Umhlinzeki wamatshwele noma oxhumana naye kwezokuthutha udinga imininingwane enembile yokwamukela, kodwa akufanele acelwe ukuthi aqinisekise indlu yezinkukhu. Qinisekisa isikhathi esihleliwe sokufika, imibhalo yokulethwa, umuntu ozokwamukela, indlela yokungena, imithwalo yokwehlisa kanye nenqubo yokubika ukubambezeleka noma inkinga yezokuthutha.

Ithimba lasepulazini kufanele futhi lazi ukuthi uma kunesidingo sokushintsha ekulungeleni kwendlu kufanele kwaziswe nini. Isinqumo sokungaqhubeki esifika sekwephuzile singathinta ezokuthutha kanye nenhlalakahle yamachwane; isinqumo esisheshayo ngaphandle kobufakazi singaveza umhlambi endlini engakalungeli. Ngakho-ke indlela yokuxhumana kufanele kuvunyelwane ngayo ngaphambi komhlangano wokugcina, hhayi ukuthi kwenziwe ngesikhathi iloli selisemnyango.

Yiba nomhlangano wesinqumo, hhayi umcimbi wokusayina womkhosi

Umhlangano wokugcina kufanele ubuyekeze ubufakazi kanye nengozi engakaxazululwa. Akufanele kube umcimbi owenziwa ngemuva kokuba wonke umuntu esecabanga ukuthi ukufakwa kuzoqhubeka.

Irekhodi lesinqumo eliwusizo lihlanganisa:

indlu kanye nereferensi yomhlambi/ukulethwa;
izinguqulo zemibhalo ebusayo;
isimo sobufakazi obubalulekile;
zonke izinto ezivulekile noma e zamukelwe ngokwemibandela;
umphathi oqashiwe kanye nokulawulwa kokuqapha kwesimo ngasinye;
isimo sokuxhumana somhlinzeki wamachwane;
isinqumo kanye nesikhathi;
abantu ababamba iqhaza kanye negunya labo; kanye
the next review point if placement is held.

Isinqumo singaqoshwa njengokuhamba, ukuhamba ngemibandela lapho kuvunyelwe futhi kulawulwa kahle, noma cha/hold. Izigaba ezitholakalayo kanye nabasayinayo kufanele balandele ukuphathwa kwepulazi, inkontileka, uhlelo lwezilwane, kanye nezidingo zendawo.

Umhlinzeki wemishini angakwazi ukuqinisekisa ububanzi benkontileka yakhe. Akufanele amemezele ukuthi ipulazi lonke likulungele ngokwebhayoloji noma ngokomthetho ngaphandle uma lelo gunya lisungulwe futhi lisekelwe ngokusobala.

Yini okufanele ibangele ukubamba?

Le ndatshana ayikwazi ukuchaza izindlela zokumisa ezisetshenziswa yonke indawo kulo lonke ipulazi. Nokho, ithimba lesinqumo kufanele lithathe inkinga engaxazululiwe njengokubamba okungaba khona uma ithinta insiza ebalulekile, ukufinyelela kwezinyoni ekudleni noma emanzini, ukulawulwa kwemvelo, ukusabela kwe-alamu noma kwe-backup, ukukhululwa kwe-biosecurity/veterinary, ukusebenza okuphephile, amandla okwamukela noma enye imfuneko ephoqelekile yenkontileka/yendawo.

Impendulo efanele incike ebukhulwini besimo, izilawuli ezitholakalayo kanye nesiphathimandla esibhekele lokho. Isiyalo ukwenza ingozi ibonakale futhi ibe nomsingathi wayo esikhundleni sokuvumela ingcindezi yesikhathi ukuba iguqule okungaziwa kube ukudlula okucatshangelwayo.

Iphakethe lokudluliswa okufanele umthengi aligcine

Irekhodi lokugcina kufanele likhombe emadokhumentini ipulazi elizowadinga ngemva kokuba iqembu lokufaka lisukile. Kuye ngobubanzi obuvunyelwene ngabo, lokhu kungase kufake:

imidwebo egunyaziwe kanye nezinhlelo zemishini;
izincwadi zokufundisa kanye nezinhlelo zokunakekela;
amarekhodi okuhlolwa nokuxwayisa aseqediwe;
izipele zokuhlela lapho kusebenza khona;
amalogi ezinto ezivulekile kanye nokuvalwa;
ukuhamba kwabaqeqeshiwe kanye nemibuzo engakaphendulwa;
izinhlu zezingxenye zokuyedlula kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo;
iwaranti kanye noxhumana nokukhushulwa kwezinga;
amarekhodi okukhululwa kwezempilo yezilwane/nokuvikelwa kwempilo agcinwe ipulazi; kanye
irekhodi lesinqumo sokufakwa elisayiniwe.

Okubanzi inqubo yepulazi lenkukhu eliguqukayo ibonisa lapho ukugunyazwa nokuqeqeshwa kungena khona ohlelweni lwephrojekthi. Iphakethe lokudlulisa lixhumanisa lowo msebenzi wephrojekthi nokusebenza kwansuku zonke kwepulazi.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa

Ingabe amahora angama-72 yindinganiso yezinkukhu ephoqelekile?

Cha. Kuyisikhathi sokuphatha sokuxhumanisa kokugcina, hhayi imfuneko evamile yomfuyi, yezilwane, yemishini noma yezomthetho. Qala ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma sebenzisa esinye isikhathi lapho uhlelo lomhlinzeki wamachwane, imiphumela yaselabhorethri, ukushisa kwendlu, uhlelo lokuvikela izifo, umsebenzi wokulungisa noma izimfuneko zendawo zikudinga.

Ubani osayina isinqumo sokugcina sokuya/nokungayi?

Abasayinayo bathembele ekubusweni kwepulazi, isivumelwano esibhaliwe kanye nezidingo zendawo. Ukuphathwa kwepulazi, udokotela wezilwane noma umholi wezobuchwepheshe ogunyaziwe, kanye nabanikazi bemikhakha efanele kungase kudingeke babambe iqhaza. Umhlinzeki wemishini kufanele asayine kuphela umkhakha ogunyaziwe ukuwuqinisekisa.

Ingabe ipulazi lingaqhubeka uma imishini iqala kodwa amanye amarekhodi engekho?

Lokho kuncike ekutheni yibuphi ubufakazi obungekho nokuthi ubani onegunya lokwamukela ingozi. Ubufakazi obungekho bento ebalulekile, i-alamu, ukukhululwa kwezokuphepha kwezifo, ukusebenza okuphephile noma imfuneko eyisibopho kungase kuthethe ukubambelela. Ungakuthathi ukuhlolwa kwenkinobho yokuqala okuphumelelayo njengobufakazi bokulungela okuphelele.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kohlu lwemisebenzi engakaqedwa kanye nerejista yezihlukumezi?

Uhlu lwemisebenzi engakaqedwa yokwakha noma yokufaka lungase lufake umsebenzi ongaphelele ojwayelekile. Irejista yezihlukumezi yokugcina kufanele ikhombe ukuthi into ngayinye evulekile ithinta kanjani ukubekwa noma ukusebenza kwamachwane, ukulawula kwesikhashana, umnikazi, ubufakazi obudingekayo kanye negunya lokuvala.

Ingabe umhlinzeki wamachwane kufanele agunyaze indlu yezinkukhu?

Ngokuvamile umhlinzeki wamachwane uqinisekisa ukulethwa kanye nokuxhumana kokwamukela ngaphakathi kwesivumelwano sakhe. Ukwamukelwa kwendlu yezinkukhu kanye negunya lokubeka kuhlala kulabo abakhonjwe ukubusa kwepulazi, uhlelo lwezempilo yezilwane, inkontileka kanye nemithetho yendawo.

Yenza umthwalo wemfanelo ubonakale ngaphambi kokuba iloli lifike

Amahora okugcina ngaphambi kokufakwa kwamachwane akusona isikhathi sokuthola ukuthi wonke umuntu wayecabanga ukuthi omunye umuntu unomthwalo ofanayo. Ukudluliselwa okucacile kuxhumanisa ubufakazi, okuhlukile, abantu kanye negunya ngaphambi kokuba ingcindezi yesikhathi ibe yisona esithatha isinqumo.

I-Henan Daofeng Livestock Equipment Co., Ltd. ingaxhumanisa izingxoxo zobubanzi bemishini, amarekhodi e-commissioning kanye nezixhumanisi zokudlulisela ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano sephrojekthi esibhaliwe. Ukuze kuchazwe leyo mikhawulo ngaphambi kokulethwa nokufakwa, xoxani ngobubanzi bokudlulisela obuqondene nephrojekthi. Izinqumo zokugcina zezempilo yezilwane, ezokulawula, zokusebenza kwepulazi nokufakwa kwezinto zihlala zisezinhlangothini ezigunyaziwe zephrojekthi.

Izindaba Ezihlobene