Yini Enquma Izindleko Zepulazi Lezinkukhu Ezizenzakalelayo?

Izindleko zepulazi lamachwane azenziwa ngemishini yamakheji kuphela. Ziwumphumela ohlangene wamandla okukhiqiza, izimo zendlu yezinkukhu, ukuhlelwa kwamakheji, imingcele yokuzenzakalela, izinhlelo zesimo sezulu, ingqalasizinda kagesi, imigomo yokulethwa, imithwalo yomsebenzi yokufaka kanye nokusekelwa kwesikhathi sokuphila.

Yingakho izilinganiso ezimbili zomthamo ofanayo wezinyoni zingakhombisa izibalo ezihluke kakhulu ngaphandle kokuthi ziqhathaniswe ngqo. Isiphakamiso esisodwa singase sihlanganise kuphela imishini eyinhloko. Esinye singase sihlanganise izinhlelo zokulawula, ukugadwa kokufakwa, ukusebenza, izingxenye zokushintsha noma ezinye izinsizakalo zephrojekthi. Ngakho-ke umbuzo ofanele awukona nje ukuthi, "Iyini intengo yemishini?" Futhi uthi, "Yiluphi uhla oludingekayo ukuletha ipulazi elisebenzayo, futhi ubani obhekene nayo yonke imikhawulo?"

Ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa izilinganiso, chaza ukuthi yiluphi ukhawulo lwezindleko umhlinzeki ngamunye ayibiza ngalo.

Isilinganiso sentengo singase sibe nembayo ngokwezohwebo ngaphakathi komngcele waso kodwa sisalokhu singaphelele esabelomali somklami ophelele somthengi. Isihloko sesilinganiso, ithebula lobubanzi, okungafakiwe kanye nemigomo yokulethwa kufanele kwenze lowo mngcele ucace.

Umthamo wezinyoni unquma izinga elijwayelekile, kodwa awunqumi izindleko ngokwawo. Abathengi kufanele futhi bachaze inani lezindlu, izinyoni ngendlu ngayinye, ukuhlelwa kwesitoko esihlosiwe, umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, uhlelo lokususa umquba, umzila wokuqoqa amaqanda kanye nephetheni yokusebenza elindelekile.

Umthamo ofanayo uwonke ungahlukaniswa endaweni eyodwa enkulu noma izindlu ezimbalwa ezincane. Leso sinqumo sithinta imigqa yamakheji, inani lemishini, izindawo zokulawula, ukuhamba kwezinsiza, umsebenzi wokufaka kanye nokwanda kwesikhathi esizayo. Ngakho-ke umhlinzeki kufanele aklame ngohlelo lokuqinisekisiwe lokukhiqiza indlu ngayinye, hhayi ngenombolo eyodwa yomthamo.

Ukuze uthole izinqumo okufanele ziqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokucela izintengo, bheka umhlahlandlela wokuhlela ipulazi lezinkukhu zentengiso.

Ukulungiswa kwendlu ekhona kanye nokwakhiwa kwendlu entsha kudala izimo zezindleko ezihlukene. Isilinganiso kufanele sisekelwe ezilinganisweni zangaphakathi eziqinisekisiwe, izindawo zamakholomu, izindawo zeminyango, amazinga aphansi, ukuphakama okucacile kanye nokufinyelela kokungena kwemishini.

Izixhumanisi ezibalulekile zifaka:

Uma lezi zixhumanisi zingaqinisekiswa kusenesikhathi, izinguquko zakamuva zokwakha zingathinta isheduli, ukulandelana kokufakwa kanye nesabelomali. Imidwebo yemishini kufanele ixhumaniswe nomklamo wesakhiwo kanye nezinsiza ngaphambi kokuba ukukhiqiza kuqedelwe.

Izinhlelo zamakheji ezinezinga le-H no-A zisebenzisa izakhiwo ezihlukene kanye nokuhlelwa kokusekela. Inani lezitezi, ubude bomugqa, ububanzi bendlela yokuhamba, indlela yokuphakela, ukuhlelwa kwebhande lobulongwe kanye nezinga lokuqoqwa kwamaqanda konke kushintsha uhlu lwezinto ezidingekayo.

Uhlelo lwamakheji kufanele lukhethwe ngokwezimo zephrojekthi, hhayi nje ngokuminyana okuphezulu okubonakalayo. Ubukhulu bendlu, isu lesimo sezulu, indlela yobulongwe, izinga lokusebenza ngomshini, ithimba elisebenzayo kanye nokufinyelela kokulungisa konke kubalulekile. I-Ukuqhathaniswa kwamakheji ezinkukhu ezizalayo ohlobo lwe-H no-A ichaza umehluko omkhulu wokuhlelwa.

Lapho uqhathanisa izilinganiso, cela abahlinzeki ukuthi basho imodeli yekheji, inani lezitezi, inani lemigqa, inani lezigaba, izinyoni ngeyunithi kanye nezingxenye zesakhiwo ezifakiwe. Isamba samandla ngaphandle kwale mininingwane yokuhlelwa asanele ukuze kuqhathaniswe ngokuthembekile.

“Okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele” akusona incazelo yomkhakha ejwayelekile. Kungase kubhekisele emgqeni wokukhiqiza oyinhloko kuphela, kuyilapho ukugcinwa kokuphakelayo, ukudluliswa kwamaqanda phakathi kwezindlu, ukucutshungulwa komquba, izilawuli ezimaphakathi noma ukuqapha kude kuhlala kwehlukile.

Ukubuyekezwa okuphelele komkhakha kufanele kwehlukanise:

I-umhlahlandlela wemishini yepulazi lamaqanda elisebenza ngokugcweleingasetshenziswa njengohlu lokuhlola lwesistimu. Nokho, ububanzi bokugcina obufakiwe kufanele buqinisekiswe njalo esiphakamisweni sephrojekthi kanye nesivumelwano sobuchwepheshe.

Uhlelo lwesimo sezulu luyiphrojekthi eqondene nomklamo othile, hhayi into esetshenziswa kuphela ngokwesilinganiso senani lezinyoni. Izinga lokushisa lendawo, umswakama, ukuphakama, izimo zomoya, ukuthembeka kukagesi kanye nokuqina kwendlu kuthinta ukukhethwa kwefeni, indawo yephedi yokupholisa, isu lokungena komoya, ukulawulwa kohlelo kanye nokuhlelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo.

Isabelomali singashintsha ngokuya nge:

I-ncwadi yokuhlela ukungena komoya endlini yezinkukhu ichaza ukuthi kungani uhlu lwemishini efanayo akufanele lukopishwe ezindaweni ezahlukene zesimo sezulu. Umklamo wokugcina wokungena komoya nokuphepha kufanele ubuyekezwe ngokuya ngezimo zendawo kanye nemithetho esebenzayo.

Imishini yokuzenzakalela incike ezinsizeni ezinzile. Abathengi kufanele baqinisekise i-voltage yendawo, i-frequency, i-phase, umthamo we-transformer, amaphaneli okusatshalaliswa, imizila yekhebula, ukugxilisa umhlabathi, ukuvikelwa kombani kanye necebo lamandla okusekela.

Isilinganiso somhlinzeki singafaka amamotho namakhabethe okulawula endawo kodwa singafaki i-transformer enkulu, i-generator, ukusatshalaliswa kwendawo, ikhebula likagesi elingenayo noma umsebenzi wokwakha wegumbi likagesi. Amaphampu amanzi, amathangi okugcina amanzi, imishini yokuhlunga nokuhlanza nawo angaba ngaphandle kobubanzi bemishini yokukhiqiza.

Lokhu kungafakwa kwento ethile akusona ngokuzenzakalela inkinga, kodwa kufanele kubonakale. Isilinganiso esiwusizo sikhombisa izimo zensiza ezidingekayo, imithwalo exhumekile elinganiselwe lapho idatha yokuklama itholakala, izindawo zokuxhumana kanye neqembu elibhekele into ngayinye.

Izindleko zokufaka zincike kokungaphezu kwesamba semishini. Ukulungela kwendawo, izimo zokwehlisa, ukugcinwa, abasebenzi basendaweni, imishini yokuphakamisa, amathuluzi okufaka, amalungiselelo ohambo kanye nohlelo lwephrojekthi konke kuthinta ububanzi bokusebenza.

Isiphakamiso kufanele sihlukanise:

“Ukufaka kufakiwe” kubanzi kakhulu ngaphandle uma ithebula lemithwalo wemisebenzi lichaza lezi zinto. Ukuqalisa kufanele futhi kube nezidingo ezicacile: isakhiwo kufanele silungele, izinsiza zokuhlinzeka zitholakale, imishini ifakwe ngendlela efanele futhi izimo zokuphepha zisungulwe ngaphambi kokuba ukuvivinya kuqale.

Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla kungashintsha kakhulu isabelomali sephrojekthi esethulwayo. Indlela yokupakisha, umthamo wokuthunyelwa, ukuhlelwa kwamakhonteyina, ezokuthutha zasekhaya, imali yokuthutha olwandle kanye nomthetho we-Incoterms® okhethiwe konke kuthinta izindleko nezingozi okungokomthengisi noma umthengi.

Izindleko zechweba lokufika, ukugunyazwa kwempahla emhlabeni, intela yempahla, izintela, ukuhlolwa, ukulethwa ezweni kanye nokwehliswa kwempahla kuvame ukwehluka ngezwe. Akufanele kucatshangwe kusukela entengo yemishini. Abathengi kufanele bacele indawo eqondile yokulethwa, umthetho we-Incoterms® 2020 osebenzayo kanye nohlu olubhaliwe lwemisebenzi yezokuthutha efakiwe nengafakiwe.

Imali yokuthutha nayo incike esikhathini. Isabelomali sephrojekthi kufanele siveze isikhathi sokusebenza kwesiphakamiso futhi sehlukanise intengo yemishini engaguquki nezindleko zezokuthutha ezingase zidinge ukuqinisekiswa ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa.

Isamba sokuqala sokusebenza esiphansi asisho ukuthi izindleko zokuphila zizonke zizoba phansi. Abathengi kufanele bahlole uhlelo lokunakekela, iphakethe lezingxenye ezishintshayo elinconywayo, ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezigugayo, ulimi lwemibhalo, ububanzi bokuqeqeshwa kanye nenqubo yokuxhumana yangemva kokuthengisa.

Imibuzo ewusizo ihlanganisa:

Le mininingwane isiza umthengi ukuthi ahlole ingozi yokusebenza ngaphandle kokuthembela ezithembisweni ezingasekelwe mayelana nempilo yesevisi, ukonga kwabasebenzi noma ukubuyiselwa kwemali.

Ipulazi elingase lengeze izindlu kamuva kufanele lichaze izixhumanisi zokwanda esigabeni sokuqala. Umthamo wokugcina ukudla, umzila wokuhambisa amaqanda, ukuphathwa komquba, umthamo kagesi, ukunikezwa kwamanzi, ukwakheka kokulawula kanye nokufinyelela komgwaqo kungase kudingeke kusebenzele kokubili izindlu zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.

Ukukhulisa ngokweqile zonke izinhlelo akukona ukonga ngokuzenzakalelayo. Nokho, ukunganaki ukwanda kungadala ukwakhiwa kabusha okungagwemeki noma izixhumanisi ezingahambisani. Idizayini yesigaba kufanele ikhombe lokho okufakiwe manje, lokho okugcinelwe kamuva kanye nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye okufanele zihlale zihambisana.

Ukuhlelwa komjikelezo wempilo kufanele futhi kucabangele ukufinyelela kokuhlanza, ukuchayeka ekugqwaleni, izingxenye ezisetshenziswayo, amandla ezobuchwepheshe endawo kanye nemiphumela yokwehluleka kwendawo eyodwa. Lezi zici azikhiqizi ifomula yezindleko eyodwa yonke, kodwa zisiza amaqembu okuthenga ukuthi aqhathanise ingozi yesikhathi eside ngendlela engaguquki.

Yenza isiphakamiso ngasinye sifane netafula elifanayo ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa izibalo eziphelele.

Ungaqhathanisi kuphela izibalo zokugcina. Qala umake yonke into njengokufakiwe, engafakiwe, engakhethwa, enikezwa umnikazi noma elindele ukuqinisekiswa. Bese uqhathanisa izicaciso zobuchwepheshe, izibalo, izincazelo zezinto, imigomo yezentengiselwano kanye nemingcele yomthwalo wemfanelo.

Ukuze uthole isiphakamiso esinembile, lungiselela:

I-Henan Daofeng Livestock Equipment Co., Ltd. ingasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuchaza uhla lwemishini kanye nohlu lwezibopho zephrojekthi ukuze kuxoxwe ngayo. Bona i-izixazululo zepulazi lezinkukhu eliguqukayo kanye nomzila wolwazi lwephrojekthi ukulungiselela isinyathelo esilandelayo.

Akukho nombolo yomhlaba wonke ethembekile. Umphumela uyashintsha ngokuhlelwa kwendlu, ukuhlelwa kwamakheji, ububanzi bokusebenza ngomshini, imishini yesimo sezulu, izinsiza zikagesi, imigomo yokulethwa, imithwalo yemfanelo yokufakwa kanye nezimo zephrojekthi yendawo.

Bangase basebenzise izicaciso zamakheji ezihlukene, inani, imingcele yokusebenza ngomshini, izinto zokwakha, izesekeli, izinhlelo zesimo sezulu, ububanzi besevisi noma imigomo yokulethwa. Qhathanisa ububanzi bomugqa ngamunye kanye ne-matrix yomthwalo wemfanelo ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa izibalo eziphelele.

Cha. “I-Turnkey” kufanele ichazwe ngokubhaliwe. Imisebenzi yezokwakha, izimvume, ingqalasizinda kagesi, abasebenzi basendaweni, izintela noma izindleko zokufika kungase kungafakwa kuye ngokwesivumelwano.

Ukulungiswa kwendlu, ukusatshalaliswa kukagesi, amandla ayisipele, ukuhlanza amanzi, ukwehlisa impahla, abasebenzi bokufaka basendaweni, izindleko zokufika, izingxenye zokushintsha kanye nezixhumi zokwandisa zivame ukuba ngaphandle kwesilinganiso esiyisisekelo semishini.

Akwenzi njalo. Ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo kungase kuguqule izidingo zabasebenzi nokuvumelana kokusebenza, kodwa futhi kwengeza imishini, izixhumi zokulawula, izidingo zensiza kanye nemithwalo yokunakekela. Izinga elifanele lincike ezimweni zephrojekthi kanye nekhono lokuphatha.

I-Freight kufanele ikhonjiswe ngokwehlukile noma ixhunywe ngokucacile endaweni yokulethwa enegama kanye nomthetho we-Incoterms®. Izindleko ze-Ocean freight kanye nezindawo zokufika zingashintsha futhi zingase zingahlali zisebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo njengentengo yemishini.

Qinisekisa uhlelo lokukhiqiza, ubukhulu bendlu, izimo zesimo sezulu, idatha yezinsiza, umngcele wokuzenzakalela odingekayo, indawo yokulethwa kanye nemithwalo yomthwalo yokuqalisa. Umhlinzeki angabe esekhipha isiphakamiso sobuchwepheshe nesentengiselwano esiqhathanisekayo.