isiZulu
Kwadalwa ngo 10.15
Uhlu Lokuhlola Ukufakwa Kwekheji Lezinkukhu Ezizalayo: Ingabe Isakhiwo Sezinkukhu Silungele Ukufakwa Kwemishini?
Ukufakwa kwekheji lesendlaleni akufanele kuqale ngoba nje imishini isifikile endaweni. Indlu yezinkukhu, ukuhlelwa okugunyaziwe, indlela yokufinyelela, izinsiza, ithimba lokufaka kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo yokukhulula kufanele kulungele ukubuyekezwa okufanayo kwephrojekthi.
Kumnikazi wepulazi, umbuzo osebenzayo kakhulu awusiwo othi “Kungashesha kangakanani ukuhlanganisa amakheji?” Umbuzo uthi “Yini okufanele iqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba isigaba ngasinye sokufaka sivunyelwe?” Uhlu lokuhlola olulawulwayo lwenza ulwazi olungekho lubonakale ngaphambi kokuba luphenduke umsebenzi wokuphinda, ukubambezeleka noma isinqumo sasensimini esingaphephile.
Lo mhlahlandlela uhlanganisa ukulungela kwendlu, ukuxhumana kokufaka, amaphuzu okukhulula inqubekela phambili kanye nokunikezwa kokusebenza. Awuthathi indawo yamadrowa agunyaziwe omhlinzeki, imiyalelo eqondene nemishini, izinkontileka zephrojekthi, ubunjiniyela bendawo noma izidingo zokuphepha ezisebenzayo.
1. Misa isisekelo sokufaka ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi uqale
Amaqembu okufaka adinga isisekelo esisodwa samanje. Ngaphambi kokwehlisa noma ukumaka indawo, qinisekisa:
- ukuhlelwa kwemishini okugunyaziwe, ukubuyekezwa kanye nosuku lokukhishwa;
- imishini enenkontileka kanye nobubanzi bokufakwa;
- izilinganiso zendlu yezinkukhu kanye nezimo eziqediwe ezisetshenziswa ukuhlelwa;
- imigqa, izigaba, imigwaqo yesevisi kanye nezindawo zokuphela kwemishini ezikhonjiswe kumdwebo ogunyaziwe;
- indawo yokudla, amanzi, ugesi, amaqanda, umquba kanye nokuxhumana kokulawula isimo sezulu;
- izinhlangano ezigunyaziwe ukwamukela ukuchezuka noma ukukhulula isigaba esilandelayo; kanye
- imibhalo ezoba yirekhodi lokufakwa nokunikezwa.
Ungavumeli umdwebo omdala uhlale endaweni eduze kwenguqulo entsha ngaphandle kokumaka ngokucacile ukuthi iyiphi elawula umsebenzi. Uma ukuhlelwa, indlu noma ububanzi bemishini kushintsha, khomba umsebenzi othintekayo futhi uthole isinqumo esilawulwayo ngaphambi kokuqhubeka.
Ukuxhumana kwezokwakha kwangaphambili kufanele kube sekuqondisiwe ngokusebenzisa umhlahlandlela wokuvuleka kwezindlu zezinkukhu, izisekelo kanye nokubopha imishini. Lelo khasi liphethe isinqumo sokuxhumana kwesakhiwo. Lolu hlu lokuqinisekisa luqala lapho indawo ilungiselela ukwamukela nokufaka uhlelo lwamakheji.
2. Qinisekisa ukulungela kwendlu yezinkukhu
Umfaki kufanele aqinisekise indlu yangempela, hhayi umdwebo wokulinganisa kuphela. Bhala ubukhulu nezimo ngokuqhathanisa nesisekelo somklamo esigunyaziwe.
Isimo sesakhiwo naphansi
Hlola ubude bangaphakathi obusebenzisekayo, ububanzi nokuphakama; amakholomu nezithiyo; isimo saphansi esiqediwe kanye namazinga; imigodi, imisele nezindawo zokudonsa amanzi; izimbobo neminyango; ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu; kanye nezindawo okufanele zihlale zingenalutho ukuze kusetshenziswe imishini noma ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Noma yikuphi ukubekezelelana okwamukelekayo kuncike kunkontileka nasemishinini ethile. Ungakopishi inombolo kusuka kumhlahlandlela ojwayelekile we-inthanethi. Sebenzisa imidwebo egunyaziwe, izidingo zomhlinzeki kanye nesinqumo sochwepheshe wasekhaya onomthwalo wemfanelo.
Ukufinyelela, ukwehlisa kanye nokugcina
Qinisekisa umzila osuka emotweni yokuletha uya endaweni yokufaka. Amagxolo amade, amamotho, izingxenye ze-conveyor kanye nezinye izingxenye kungase kudingeke indawo yokuphenduka, ukufinyelela kokuphakamisa noma ukulandelana kokuhlanganisa okuhleliwe.
Dala indawo yokugcina evikelekile kanye nerekhodi lokwamukela. Hlukanisa amaphakethe ngezindlu, umugqa, uhlelo noma ukulandelana kokufakwa lapho kunengqondo. Bhala umonakalo obonakalayo wezokuthutha, amaphakethe angekho kanye nezingxenye ezingaziwa ngaphambi kokuba zixutshwe endaweni yokusebenza.
Amandla, amanzi kanye nezinsizakalo zesizinda
Amandla okwakha esikhashana awafani nokunikezwa kwemishini yokugcina. Qinisekisa ukuthi yimaphi amasekhethi angavunyelwa ukuthi asebenze ngesikhathi sokufakwa, ubani owalawulayo kanye nokuthi iyiphi inqubo yokuhlukanisa esebenzayo. Hlola ukuthi ukuxhumana kwamanzi okuhleliwe, ukudonsa amanzi, ukukhanyisa kanye nokufinyelela endaweni yokusebenza kusekela ukulandelana kokufakwa.
Uhlu oluningiliziwe lokufaka ku-Daofeng umhlahlandlela wolwazi kagesi namanzi kusiza ukuhlukanisa izinsiza eziqinisekisiwe kusuka ekuqageleni okusadinga izinqumo zephrojekthi.
3. Khulula ukumiswa kwendawo ngaphambi kokuhlanganiswa okuphindwayo
Izindawo zamakheji aphindaphindiwe zingandisa iphutha lokuqala lokumaka. Sungula futhi uqinisekise imigqa eyisethenjwa ngaphambi kokuthi kuhlanganiswe umugqa ogcwele.
- Irekhodi lokukhululwa kufanele likhombe:
- igridi yesakhiwo noma ireferensi yocwaningo okuvunyelwene ngayo;
- imigqa emaphakathi yomugqa kanye namaphoyinti ereferensi okuphela kwemishini;
- amazinga ereferensi aphansi agcwele noma asekelayo;
- izindawo zokuhamba nokugcinwa kwemishini;
- ixhumana nemishini yokuphakela ukudla, amaqanda kanye nokudlulisa umquba; futhi
- noma yikuphi ukuchezuka okukaliwe kanye nokwamukelwa kwako okugunyaziwe.
Sebenzisa ukuhlolwa komugqa wokuqala noma kwe-bay yokuqala njengendawo yokubamba esebenzayo. Abathintekayo bangakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuma, ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye, indlela yokuxhuma kanye nezindawo zokuxhumana ngaphambi kokuba umsebenzi ofanayo uphindwe kulo lonke isakhiwo.
4. Lawula ukulandelana kokufakwa kanye nokuxhumana
Umbono wokufakwa eduze osetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ukuhlanganiswa okulawulwayo kanye nokuhlolwa kwengxenye yokuqala.
Uhlelo lwamakheji ezinkukhu akulona uhlaka oluzimele. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalo kwesakhiwo kufanele kuhlale kuhambisana nokuphakela ukudla, ukuphuza, ukuqoqwa kwamaqanda, ukususwa komquba, izilawuli kanye nemvelo yendlu yezinkukhu.
Hlela ukulandelana kokufakwa ngohlelo nangendawo yokukhulula. Izilawuli ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa:
- ukwamukela nokukhomba izingxenye;
- ukuqinisekisa izinkomba zokumisa;
- ukuhlanganisa ingxenye yokuqala yesakhiwo;
- ukuhlola ukuqhubeka komugqa kanye nokuxhumana kwezingxenye zekhithi;
- ukufaka izingxenye ezixhunyiwe zokuphakela, amanzi, amaqanda kanye nomquba ngokulandelana okuvunyelwe;
- ukuvikela umsebenzi ofakiwe ekulimaleni noma ekungcolisweni; kanye
- nokurekhoda ukuhlolwa ngakunye okuqediwe ngaphambi kokuba isigaba esilandelayo sifihle noma silayishe ukuxhumana.
Ukulandelana okuqondile kungokwendlela yephrojekthi evunyelwe kanye nemiyalelo yomhlinzeki. I-athikili ejwayelekile akufanele inqume amanani okubopha asetshenziswa jikelele, ukubekezelelana kokuqondanisa, izilungiselelo zebhande noma amapharamitha wemoto.
Ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezingase zidinge ukuxhumanisa, buyekeza ukuthi yini iphakethe lamathuluzi epulazi lamaqanda elizenzakalelayo ngokuphelele elingayifaka. Ubukhulu bephrojekthi yangempela kusamele bufundwe kusiphakamiso sesivumelwano kanye nenkontileka.
5. Phatha izilawuli zokuphepha njengezinto zokufaka
Amapulatifomu okusebenza, ukuphakamisa, amathuluzi, ugesi wesikhashana kanye nokufakwa kwamandla kusistimu kamuva kudinga uhlelo lokuphepha olususelwa endaweni ethile. Umnikazi wepulazi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi abantu abafanelekile baye bachaza indlela yokungena, ukugadwa, izindawo ezingavunyelwe, amalungiselelo ezimo eziphuthumayo kanye nemithetho yokufaka amandla emishinini.
I-UK Health and Safety Executive yeluleka ukuthi umsebenzi owenziwa endaweni ephakeme kufanele uhlelwe, ugadwe futhi wenziwe ngabantu abafanelekile abasebenzisa imishini efanele. I-isiqondiso sokusebenza endaweni ephakeme siyisithenjwa esiwusizo, kodwa iphrojekthi kufanele ilandele imithetho nezinqubo ezisebenza endaweni yayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba izistimu ezinamandla zihlolwe, lawula ingozi yokuqala okungalindelekile noma amandla agciniwe. I-isifinyezo samandla ayingozi ye-US Occupational Safety and Health Administration ichaza ukuthi kungani ukuhlukaniswa okubhaliwe kanye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokulungiswa nokusethwa kwemishini. Futhi, izidingo zomthetho wasekhaya kanye nenqubo yokuphepha egunyaziwe yephrojekthi kulawula umsebenzi.
Ungasebenzisi ividiyo emfushane yokufaka ukuze uphethe ngokuthi isayithi iphephile noma ayiphephile. Ukwamukelwa kokuphepha kudinga indlela ephelele, izimo zesayithi kanye nokuhlolwa okunomthwalo wemfanelo.
6. Sebenzisa amaphoyinti okubamba esikhundleni sokuhlolwa kokugcina okukodwa
Ukulinda kuze kuhlanganiswe yonke indlu kungenza inkinga ephindaphindwayo ibize ukulungiswa. Chaza amaphoyinti okubamba ahambisana nengozi yephrojekthi nokulandelana kokufaka.
Iphoyinti lokubamba | Umnikazi wepulazi noma ithimba lephrojekthi kufanele kuqinisekise | Ubufakazi okufanele bugcinwe |
Isayithi ilungile | Amadrowings amanje, ukufinyelela, indawo yokugcina, isimo sendlu kanye nokuxhumana kwezinto zomphakathi okungakaxazululwa | Irekhodi lokulungela elisayiniwe, izithombe kanye nohlu lokuchezuka |
Ukubekwa kwemigqa kukhululiwe | Imigqa eyireferensi, izindawo zemigqa, amaphasishi kanye nezindawo zokuphela kwemishini | Irekhodi lokuhlola noma lokulinganisa kanye nesiginesha yokukhulula |
Isigaba sokuqala samukelwe | Izingxenye ezifanele, ukuma, indlela yokuxhuma kanye nokuxhumana okubalulekile | Uhlu lokuhlola lwesigaba sokuqala kanye nerekhodi lokulungisa elivunyiwe |
Amasistimu axhunyiwe alungele ukuhlolwa | Ukuqedwa kwemishini, izivikelo, izinsiza, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nomthwalo wokuhlola | Amashidi okuqedwa kwesistimu kanye nemvume yokuhlola |
Ukunikezelwa kokufakwa | Izinto ezivuliwe, ukuchezuka okugunyaziwe, amarekhodi afakiwe, izingxenye zokungcebeleka kanye nohlelo lokuqeqesha | Idosiye yokunikezela kanye nobunikazi bohlu lwamaphutha |
Indawo yokubamba ayisho ukuthi wonke amaphrojekthi adinga amaphepha afanayo. Isho ukuthi umsebenzi olandelayo akufanele ufihle, uphinde noma unikeze amandla umsebenzi ongakahlolwa yizinhlangano ezibhekelele.
7. Hlukanisa ukuqedwa kokufakwa ekusebenzeni
Ukuqedwa kokufakwa kusho ukuthi imishini okuvunyelwene ngayo ihlanganisiwe futhi ihlolwe ngokwezidingo zephrojekthi ezisebenzayo. Akufakazeli ngokuzenzakalela ukuthi ipulazi eliphelele lilungele izinyoni.
Ukuqaliswa kwengeza ukuhlolwa okulawulwayo kokusebenza, izilungiselelo, ama-alamu, ukuxhumana, izinqubo eziphuthumayo, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nobufakazi ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezichaziwe. I-uhlu lokuhlola ukusebenza kwepulazi lezinkukhu ngaphambi kokufakwa kwamachwanekufaka lelo sigaba sesinqumo sakamuva.
Ngaphambi kokunikezela ukufakwa ku-commissioning, qopha:
- izinhlelo ezifakiwe kanye nezinto ezingafakiwe;
- ukuchezuka okugunyaziwe kanye nezinto ezisele ohlwini lwe-punch-list;
- amalayout afakiwe kanye nolwazi lokuxhuma;
- amarekhodi okuhlola nokuhlolwa atholakalayo kuleso sigaba;
- izingxenye ezingasetshenziswa, amathuluzi, izincwadi zokuqondisa kanye nemithwalo yomthwalo yokuqeqesha; kanye
- umuntu ogunyaziwe ukukhulula ukuhlolwa kokusebenza.
Ungachazi iphrojekthi njengeqediwe noma esebenzayo ngenkathi ukufakwa, ukusethwa noma ukulungela ukubekwa kwezinyoni kusavuliwe.
8. Lokho isibonelo sokufakwa eSenegal okukhombisayo—nalokho okungakukhombisi
Ukufakwa kusaqhubeka; isithombe asibufakazi bokuthi kwenziwe ukusethwa noma ukusebenza.
Kuphrojekthi yamanje yaseSenegal, abasebenzi babonakala behlanganisa futhi belungisa imishini yamakheji amaningi emigqeni eminingi ngaphakathi kwendlu yezinkukhu. Uhlelo oluqinisekiswe umsebenzisi luhlanganisa indlu eyodwa enomthamo ohleliwe wama-layers angu-30,000 emigqeni emine kanye namazinga amane, kanye nezinye izindlu ezimbili ezihlelelwe ama-layers angu-50,000 lilinye.
Ividiyo iwusizo ngoba ikhombisa ukufakwa okusaqhubeka: ukubopha ngezandla, ukufinyelela kuma-assembly aphezulu kanye nomsebenzi oqhubekayo eduze kwendlela. Lezi zici ezibonakalayo zisekela isifundo esijwayelekile somthengi—ikhwalithi yokufakwa incike ezinkombeni ezilawulwayo, ukufinyelela, ukulandelana kanye namaphoyinti okukhishwa abhalisiwe.
Ividiyo ayifakazeli ukuthi ukufakwa kuqediwe, ukuthi amasistimu asebenzisiwe noma ukuthi izinyoni zifakiwe. Futhi ayivezi uhlobo lwekheji, ububanzi obugcwele bokusebenza ngomshini, imiphumela yokusebenza noma ukuhlelwa kwezindlu ezimbili ezingama-50,000-layer.
9. Ulwazi okufanele luthunyelwe ngaphambi kokucela ukusekelwa kokufakwa
Lungiselela iphakethe elilodwa elilawulwayo lomhlinzeki wemishini kanye neqembu lokufakwa:
- izwe lephrojekthi nendawo yesiza;
- imidwebo yendlu yezinkukhu kanye nobukhulu bangaphakathi obuqinisekisiwe;
- ukuhlelwa kwemishini yamanje kanye nobubanzi benkontileka;
- amandla endlu ahleliwe, abhalwe ngokucacile njengokuhleliwe;
- isimo sokwakha kanye newindi lokufakwa okuhlosiwe;
- ukufinyelela endaweni, ukwehlisa kanye nezimo zokugcina;
- abasebenzi abatholakalayo, imishini yokuphakamisa, amathuluzi kanye nokuqondisa;
- isimo samandla, amanzi kanye nezinye izinsiza zokusetshenziswa;
- oxhumana nabo bakontraka wendawo kanye nonjiniyela obhekele;
- izidingo ezisebenzayo zokuphepha endaweni kanye nezimvume; kanye
- nohlu lolwazi oluqinisekisiwe, izicabango kanye nezinqumo ezivulekile.
Ukuze kuxhumaniswe iphrojekthi ebanzi, izixazululo zika-Daofengze-turnkey layer-farmzikhombisa lapho ukuhlela, ukunikezwa kwemishini, ukusekelwa kokufakwa kanye nokuxhumana kwe-commissioning kungase kube khona. Ukwahlukaniswa komthwalo wokugcina kufanele kushiwo ku-quotation yephrojekthi kanye nenkontileka.
Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa
Yini okufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuba ukufakwa kwamakheji ezingqimba kuqale?
Hlola ukubuyekezwa komdwebo ogunyaziwe, ubukhulu bendlu kanye nezimo eziqediwe, ukufinyelela nokugcina, izinkomba zokumisa, izinsiza, ububanzi bokufaka, abathintekayo abanomthwalo wemfanelo kanye nokwehluka okungaxazululiwe.
Ingabe indlu yezinkukhu ilungile lapho isakhiwo sesiphelile?
Akunjalo ngempela. Izikhala zemishini, izimo zaphansi nokusekelwa, imizila, izinsiza, indawo yokugcina evikelekile kanye namadrowa amanje nakho kufanele kuhambisane nesisekelo sokufaka.
Ingabe umnikazi wepulazi kufanele amukele ukufakwa okuphelele ngesikhathi esisodwa?
Sebenzisa izindawo zokubamba ezihlelwe lapho kunengqondo. Ukulungela kwesizinda, ukumaka indawo, ingxenye yokuqala ephindwayo, amasistimu axhunyiwe kanye nokunikezwa kokugcina kubandakanya ubufakazi obuhlukene kanye nabanikazi bezinqumo.
Ingabe ukuqedwa kokufakwa kusho ukuthi indlu isilungele izinyoni?
Cha. Ukuqaliswa kokusebenza, izilungiselelo, izilawuli zokuphepha, ukuqeqeshwa, ukuvalwa kohlu lwezinto okufanele zenziwe kanye nokulungela ngaphambi kokufakwa kwezinyoni kuyizinqumo ezihlukene.
Ingabe i-Daofeng inganikeza ukusekelwa kokufakwa?
I-Daofeng ingaxoxa ngosekelo lokufaka kanye nokuxhumanisa okuhlobene nemishini yesikophu senkontileka okuvunyelwene ngayo. Izinsizakalo eziqondile, umsebenzi wasekhaya, ukuhamba, amathuluzi, izinsiza, imithwalo yomthwalo wokuphepha kanye nomzila wokwamukela kufanele kuchazwe esiphakamisweni esibhaliwe kanye nenkontileka.
Yenza isigaba ngasinye sokufaka sikwazi ukukhululwa
Umgomo osebenzayo awukona ukugcwalisa amaphepha ngenxa yawo. Kuwukuxhumana okubonakalayo kusuka kusakhiwo esigunyaziwe kuya endlini yangempela, imishini efakiwe kanye nabantu abagunyaziwe ukwamukela isinyathelo esilandelayo.
Ngaphambi kokuthi kuqale ukufakwa, thumela i-Daofeng imidwebo yamanje yendlu yezinkukhu, umthamo ohleliwe, ububanzi bemishini, isimo sesiza, ulwazi lwezinsiza kanye nokusekelwa okudingekayo. Singasiza ukukhomba okokufaka okuhlobene nemishini kanye nezindawo zokuxhumana ezivulekile ezidinga ukuxazululwa kuphrojekthi okuvunyelwene ngayo.
Umbhali: Zhao Jinhong
Inkampani: Henan Daofeng Livestock Equipment Co., Ltd.
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