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Kwadalwa ngo 10.14
Ukuthengwa Kwemishini Yezinkukhu e-Afrika: Uhlu Lokuhlola Olusebenzayo Ngaphambi Kokuthenga
Ukuthenga imishini yokufuya izinkukhu kungabonakala kulula: nquma umthamo wezinyoni, cela izilinganiso zamanani bese uqhathanisa amanani. Empeleni, umehluko obaluleke kakhulu uvame ukuba ngaphandle kwesamba esiyinhloko. Umhlinzeki oyedwa angase acaphune amakheji kuphela, kanti omunye ufaka izinto ezizenzakalelayo kodwa ashiye ukusatshalaliswa kukagesi, ukufakwa, ukuthutha kwangaphakathi noma umsebenzi wokuhambisana nomthetho kumthengi.
Kumphakathi wepulazi e-Afrika, umsebenzi wokuqala akukhona ukuthola "iphakethe elilodwa elijwayelekile lase-Afrika." Kuwukuchaza iphrojekthi. Isiza, isigaba sokukhiqiza, indlu, isimo sezulu, izinsiza zikagesi, ukusebenza okuzenzakalelayo, ikhono losonkontileka bendawo, umzila wendawo oya kuyo kanye nemithwalo yomthwalo wokungenisa kungashintsha ububanzi bomsebenzi.
Lolu hlu lokuhlola lusiza umnikazi wepulazi noma ithimba lokuthenga ukulungiselela umbuzo ocacile. Aluthathi indawo yobunjiniyela bendawo, iseluleko sezilwane, isiqondiso sentela noma imvume yokulawula. Luhlukanisa amaqiniso emicabangweni futhi lunikeza abahlinzeki abakhethiwe isisekelo sephrojekthi esifanayo.
1. Qinisekisa Isigaba Sephrojekthi kanye Nomgomo Wokukhiqiza
Shono ukuthi iphrojekthi isesigabeni sokuhlola ukuba nokwenzeka, ukugunyazwa kwesabelomali, ukuklanywa okuningiliziwe, ukuthengwa noma ukwandiswa. Chaza ukuthi ingeyezinkukhu ezisafufusa, izinkukhu ezithengiswayo zamaqanda noma umsebenzi ohlanganisiwe, bese urekhoda umthamo wokuqala nokwandiswa kwesikhathi esizayo.
Umthamo wezinyoni wodwa awusona isisekelo esiphelele sokuklanywa. Ukuhlukanisa iqembu elifanayo phakathi kwezindlu ezahlukene, imigqa, izitezi noma izigaba kushintsha isakhiwo nezinhlelo ezisekelayo.
Ukuze uthole izinqumo zokuklanywa ezibanzi ezingemuva kwesilinganiso esiwusizo, funda Indlela Yokuhlela Ipulazi Lezinkukhu Ezithengiswayo Zamaqanda: Izinqumo Eziyi-12 Ngaphambi Kwesilinganiso.
2. Hlanganisa Indawo, Indlu Yezinkukhu kanye Nokuhlelwa Kwemishini
Cacisa ukuthi iphrojekthi isebenzisa izindlu ezintsha noma ezikhona. Nikeza uhlelo lomhlaba kanye nobukhulu bangaphakathi kwendlu ngayinye, ukuphakama okucacile, amakholomu, amazinga aphansi, iminyango nezindawo zokusebenzela. Izithombe ziyasiza, kodwa azithathi indawo yobukhulu nemidwebo elawulwayo.
Amakheji, amaphasishi, imishini yokuphela komugqa, ukudla, amaqanda kanye nemizila yomquba, imishini yesimo sezulu kanye nokufinyelela kokufaka kufanele kungene esakhiweni esisodwa. Abathengi bangasebenzisa i-Daofeng Ukuqhathanisa kwe-H-Type ne-A-Type layer-cage ngaphambi kokukhetha ukuhlelwa.
Ungaqedi umsebenzi wokwakha ngomdwebo wekhathalogi ejwayelekile. Umhlinzeki wemishini kufanele abonise ukuxhumana okuhlobene nemishini, kuyilapho ochwepheshe bendawo abaqeqeshiwe besalindelekile ekwakhiweni kokugcina kwesakhiwo, izimvume kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho yendawo.
3. Bhala Amandla, Amanzi Nezimo Zemvelo
Ngogesi, bhala i-voltage, i-frequency, isigaba, isimo se-transformer, umlando wokuphazamiseka kanye namandla okusekela. Ngamanzi, khomba umthombo, ulwazi lwekhwalithi, ukutholakala, ukugcinwa, ingcindezi, ukwelashwa kanye nokunikezwa okuphuthumayo.
Futhi nikeza isimo sezulu sesizini, ukuphakama kanye nothuli olungajwayelekile, imvula, umoya noma ukuchayeka ekugqwaleni. Imithwalo yokugcina, ukuhamba komoya, isidingo samanzi kanye nenani kudinga ukubalwa okuhlobene nephrojekthi.
Sebenzisa imininingwane uhlu lokuhlola ulwazi lukagesi namanziukwehlukanisa idatha yesizinda eqinisekisiwe kusuka ezicatshangelweni zokuqala kanye nezinto ezisazokwenziwa ziqinisekiswe.
4. Chaza Umkhawulo Wemishini Nezinsizakalo Ngomugqa Ngamunye
Cela umhlinzeki ngamunye ukuthi ahlele isiphakamiso ngesistimu: amakheji, ukuphakela, ukuphuza, ukuqoqwa kwamaqanda, ukususwa kwendle, ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, ukukhanyisa, izilawuli, ukuphathwa kokuphakelayo, izingxenye zokushintsha, izincwadi zokufundisa kanye nokuqeqeshwa.
“Okuzenzakalelayo ngokuphelele” akusona isicaciso. Umhlahlandlela kaDaofeng we-okufakwa epulazini lesendlalelo elizenzakalelayo ngokuphelele kuchaza ukuthi kungani amamojula nezixhumanisi kufanele ziqanjwe. Hlukanisa izinto ezijwayelekile, ezingakhethwa, ezinikezwa umthengi kanye nezinto ezingafakiwe.
Qinisekisa ukuthi ubani ohlinzeka ngabasebenzi, ukuqondisa, ukuphakamisa, ukugcina, ukuxhuma kwezinsiza, ukuhlola, ukusebenza kanye nokuqeqesha. Uma umthwalo wemfanelo ungabhalwanga, ungacabangi ukuthi ufakiwe.
5. Qhathanisa Izigaba Zezindleko Zokufika, Hhayi Intengo Yemishini Kuphela
Intengo yemishini iyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yesabelomali sephrojekthi. Hlukanisa izigaba eziyinhloko ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa iziphakamiso:
- imishini kanye nezinketho ezikhethiwe;
- export packing and inland transport in China;
- ocean freight, insurance and the agreed delivery term;
- destination handling and inland delivery;
- local civil, electrical and water infrastructure;
- izindleko zokufaka, ukuphakamisa kanye nokusekelwa endaweni;
- izintela ezisebenzayo, izintela, izinsizakalo zokuhambisana kanye nezimvume; kanye
- ukuqalisa ukusebenza, ukuqeqesha, izingxenye zokushintsha kanye nesevisi yesikhathi esizayo.
Lezi zigaba azikhiqizi “izindleko ngezinyoni ngayinye” eyodwa jikelele. I-uhlaka lwezindleko lwepulazi lezinkukhu ezizikhiphelayo ngokuzenzakalelayo lukhombisa ukuthi izimo zephrojekthi kanye nemingcele yomthwalo wemfanelo zishintsha kanjani isilinganiso sentengo.
Qhathanisa ithemu yokulethwa efanayo kanye nesisekelo somthwalo wemfanelo. Isamba semishini esiphansi singase sidlulisele umsebenzi omningi kumthengi.
6. Qinisekisa Izibopho Zokungenisa Nezokuhambisana Nezwe Elithile
I-Afrika ayisiyo indawo eyodwa yemithetho noma yamazinga. Umngenisi, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-HS, ububanzi bomkhiqizo kanye nezwe okuyiwa kulo kunquma ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezidinga ukuqinisekiswa.
I-Uhlolovo lweKhenya Bureau of Standards PVoC luchaza ukuhlolwa kokuhambisana kwezimpahla ezimboziwe. I-SONCAP FAQ yaseNigeria ichaza ukugunyazwa kanye nemizila yemvume ekhethiwe yokungenisa okulawulwayo. Akukho mthombo okhombisa umzila wephakethe lemishini engacacisiwe.
Ngaphambi kokuba ukukhiqizwa noma ukuthunyelwa kuqandwe, yabela umthwalo wokuhlukanisa, idatha yomkhiqizo, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlolwa, izitifiketi, izimvume kanye nomsebenzi wamasiko. Umngenisi noma umeluleki wendawo kufanele aqinisekise izidingo zomthwalo othunyelwe ngqo.
Izindaba zenqubomgomo yezohwebo nazo zidinga ukufundwa ngokucophelela. Isinyathelo esihlanganisa imikhiqizo yase-Afrika efanelekile engena eChina asisho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuthi imishini yezinkukhu yaseChina ingena ezweni lase-Afrika ngaphandle kwentela.
7. Lungiselela Iphakethe Lolwazi Lokuthenga Elilodwa
Thumela wonke umphakeli ofakwe ohlwini iphakethe lolwazi elilawulwayo elifanayo:
- izwe, indawo yephrojekthi kanye nechweba lokugcina eliseduze elisebenzayo;
- isigaba sephrojekthi, isigaba sezinyoni, umthamo wokuqala kanye nohlelo lokwandisa;
- uhlelo lwesiza, imidwebo yendlu, ubukhulu, izithombe kanye nezingqinamba ezaziwayo;
- isimo sezulu, ugesi, amandla okusekela, amanzi kanye nokokufaka kwemvelo;
- ikheji elidingekayo, ukuzenzakalela, isimo sezulu kanye nobubanzi bokuphatha umquba;
- ishejuli eqondiwe kanye nekhono lendawo lokwakha noma lokufaka;
- isikhathi sokulethwa esiceliwe kanye nokusebenza kwesikhathi sesiphakamiso;
- imibhalo edingekayo, izingxenye zokushintsha, ukuqeqeshwa kanye nobubanzi bokuthengisa ngemuva kokuthengisa; futhi
- uhlu lolwazi olumakwe ngokuthi KUQINISEKISIWE, KOKUQALA noma KUSAMELE KUQINISEKISWE.
Leli phakethe lenza izinqumo ezingekho kanye nemingcele yomthwalo wemfanelo ibonakale. Abathengi bangabuyekeza izixazululo zepulazi lezinkukhu ezithengiswayo zamaqanda ezigcwele zikaDaofeng ngaphambi kokulungiselela umbuzo oqondene nephrojekthi.
8. Qhathanisa IziCatshangelo Ngaphambi KokuQhathanisa Izibalo Zonke
Umthetho osebenzayo ulula: qhathanisa iziphakamiso kuphela ngemva kokuba isisekelo somklamo, okufakiwe, okungafakiwe kanye nemithwalo yomthwalo ibonakala. Ungafihli ulwazi olungekho ngemuva kwentengo ebukeka inembile.
Qala ngamaqiniso atholakalayo, bhala okungaqinisekile bese ubuza ukuthi yibuphi ubufakazi obudingekayo ngokulandelayo. I-Henan Daofeng Livestock Equipment Co., Ltd. ingasebenzisa indawo, isigaba sezinyoni, umthamo, indlu, izinsiza kanye nezistimu ezidingekayo ukuze kuxoxwe ngomkhawulo wemishini kanye nezixhumanisi ezivulekile.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Yiluphi ulwazi oludingekayo ngaphambi kokucela isilinganiso sentengo yemishini yezinkukhu?
Nikeza indawo, isigaba sezinyoni, umthamo, ubukhulu bomhlaba noma wendlu, isimo sezulu, izinsiza zikagesi namanzi, amasistimu adingekayo, uhlelo lwesikhathi kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo olindelekile womhlinzeki. Maka izinto ezingekho NGOKUQINISEKISWA.
Ingabe umhlinzeki angakwazi ukunikeza isilinganiso sentengo ngomthamo wezinyoni kuphela?
Only a preliminary budget may be possible. A usable proposal also needs house, site, utilities, automation and responsibility information.
Does “fully automatic” include the poultry house, generator and installation?
Not automatically. The quotation must list its equipment modules, site infrastructure, installation work, commissioning, training and exclusions separately.
How should buyers compare quotations with different delivery terms?
Normalize the delivery term, destination, freight validity, services and buyer-supplied work, then compare the evaluated scope.
Who confirms import certification and local compliance?
Umhlinzeki unikeza ulwazi lomkhiqizo nokuthunyelwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi bakhe. Umngenisi kanye nabeluleki noma iziphathimandla zezwe okuyiwa kulo baqinisekisa ukuhlukaniswa, isitifiketi, izimvume, izintela kanye nokuhambisana nemithetho.
Umbhali: Zhao Jinhong
Inkampani: Henan Daofeng Livestock Equipment Co., Ltd.
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